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Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports

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28-05-2024 | Demyelinating Disease | Review

MOG Antibody Disease: Nuances in Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management

Authors: Kelsey A. Stefan, John R. Ciotti

Published in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports | Issue 8/2024

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD) is a distinct neuroinflammatory condition characterized by attacks of optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and other demyelinating events. Though it can mimic multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, distinct clinical and radiologic features which can discriminate these conditions are now recognized. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of MOGAD.

Recent Findings

Studies have identified subtleties of common clinical attacks and identified more rare phenotypes, including cerebral cortical encephalitis, which have broadened our understanding of the clinicoradiologic spectrum of MOGAD and culminated in the recent publication of proposed diagnostic criteria with a familiar construction to those diagnosing other neuroinflammatory conditions. These criteria, in combination with advances in antibody testing, should simultaneously lead to wider recognition and reduced incidence of misdiagnosis. In addition, recent observational studies have raised new questions about when to treat MOGAD chronically, and with which agent.

Summary

MOGAD pathophysiology informs some of the relatively unique clinical and radiologic features which have come to define this condition, and similarly has implications for diagnosis and management. Further prospective studies and the first clinical trials of therapeutic options will answer several remaining questions about the peculiarities of this condition.

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Title: MOG Antibody Disease: Nuances in Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Kelsey A. Stefan
John R. Ciotti
Publication date: 28-05-2024
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Demyelinating Disease
Diagnostics in Neurology
Optic Neuritis
Encephalitis
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disease
Multiple Sclerosis
Published in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports / Issue 8/2024
Print ISSN: 1528-4042
Electronic ISSN: 1534-6293
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-024-01344-z

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