Published in:

01-04-2025 | Cytostatic Therapy | Review

A systematic review and meta-analysis of side effects influenced by non-surgical treatments in African cancer patients

Authors: Omolola Salako, Muhammad Y. Habeebu, Paul T. Okediji, Adaorah F. Enyi, Kehinde S. Okunade, Gabriel T. Fagbenro, Blossom A. Maduafokwa, Oghenekome O. Agha, Kamaldeen Abdulraheem, Matthew J. Allsop

Published in: Supportive Care in Cancer | Issue 4/2025

Abstract

Background

Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy immunotherapy and radiotherapy are associated with serious adverse effects that affect a patient’s physiological functioning and physical appearance, contribute to financial toxicity, reduce quality of life, and increase the risk of treatment discontinuation. This systematic review aims to describe treatment-related side effects associated with non-surgical cancer treatment and clinical factors that influence the severity of side effects experienced among African cancer patients.

Method

A systematic search of primary research studies reporting side effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy among patients in African countries was undertaken across four databases (Medline (PubMed), ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials).

Results

Of the 7870 identified articles, 51 eligible studies were included . Articles outlined side effects from chemotherapy (n = 31), radiotherapy (n = 6), chemoradiation (n = 9), chemotherapy and targeted therapy (n = 2), and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy (n = 3). The most prevalent side effects reported were nausea and vomiting (chemotherapy), radiation dermatitis (radiotherapy), neutropenia, and anaemia (chemoradiation). Included studies reported an increased risk of side effects related to combined therapy (i.e., chemoradiation), type of chemotherapy, higher cumulative chemotherapy doses, more frequent treatment cycles, and the presence of comorbidities. Six studies indicated treatment discontinuation arising due to treatment-related side effects.

Conclusion

The review highlights the need for cancer care providers to anticipate treatment-related side effects and mitigate them ahead of time, providing necessary prophylactic measures and treatment support.

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Title: A systematic review and meta-analysis of side effects influenced by non-surgical treatments in African cancer patients
Authors: Omolola Salako
Muhammad Y. Habeebu
Paul T. Okediji
Adaorah F. Enyi
Kehinde S. Okunade
Gabriel T. Fagbenro
Blossom A. Maduafokwa
Oghenekome O. Agha
Kamaldeen Abdulraheem
Matthew J. Allsop
Publication date: 01-04-2025
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Cytostatic Therapy
Radiotherapy
Vomiting
Neutropenia
Nausea
Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer
Targeted Therapy
Published in: Supportive Care in Cancer / Issue 4/2025
Print ISSN: 0941-4355
Electronic ISSN: 1433-7339
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-09293-0

Nutritional support is beneficial in cancer patients with malnutrition and inflammation

Malnutrition
Correspondence

Self- and informant-reported cognitive concerns associated with primary brain tumour: systematic review

Open Access
Review

“I've got plenty of energy when I’m doing something I want to do”: applying self-determination theory to exercise motivation in people with prostate cancer

Open Access
Prostate Cancer
Research

The use of artificial nutrition at the end-of-life: a cross-sectional survey exploring the beliefs and decision-making among physicians and nurses

Open Access
Nutrition
Research

Correction to: Patterns and predictors of symptom burden and posttraumatic growth among cancer patients

Correction

A qualitative exploration of factors that influence engagement with a digital mental health intervention for women with metastatic breast cancer: Finding My Way-Advanced

Open Access
Breast Cancer
Research

Women’s health knowledge hub

Menopause
Clinical Collection

Elevate your patient care with our comprehensive, evidence-based medical education on women's health. Designed to help you provide exceptional care for your female patients at every stage of life, we provide expert insights into topics such as reproductive health, menopause, breast cancer and sex-specific health risks and precision medicine.

Genetic Testing
On-demand Webinar

In this interactive webinar, experts Dr. Subbiah, Dr. Drilon, and Dr. Williams discuss best pathological practices within NSCLC and thyroid cancer, as well as how genomic testing can improve outcomes in clinical practice, using patient case studies as illustrations.

This content is intended only for US-based healthcare providers.

Supported by:

Illumina, Inc., and Eli Lilly and Company

Dr. Vivek Subbiah

Dr. Alexander Drilon

Dr. Michelle Williams

Developed by: Springer Healthcare

Watch now

Elevate your expertise in aplastic anemia (Link opens in a new window)

Aplastic Anemia
Independent Medical Education

Transform the way you care for your patients with aplastic anemia with our 3-module series using real-world case studies and expert insights. Discover why early diagnosis matters, explore the benefits and risks of current treatments, and develop tailored approaches for complex cases.

Supported by:

Pfizer

Developed by: Springer Healthcare IME

Learn more

Navigating neuroimaging in Alzheimer disease care

Springer Medicine

A systematic review and meta-analysis of side effects influenced by non-surgical treatments in African cancer patients

Abstract

Background

Method

Results

Conclusion

Other articles of this Issue 4/2025

Nutritional support is beneficial in cancer patients with malnutrition and inflammation

Self- and informant-reported cognitive concerns associated with primary brain tumour: systematic review

“I've got plenty of energy when I’m doing something I want to do”: applying self-determination theory to exercise motivation in people with prostate cancer

The use of artificial nutrition at the end-of-life: a cross-sectional survey exploring the beliefs and decision-making among physicians and nurses

Correction to: Patterns and predictors of symptom burden and posttraumatic growth among cancer patients

A qualitative exploration of factors that influence engagement with a digital mental health intervention for women with metastatic breast cancer: Finding My Way-Advanced

Women’s health knowledge hub

Incorporating comprehensive genomic profiling into the standard-of-care for NSCLC and thyroid cancer

Elevate your expertise in aplastic anemia (Link opens in a new window)

Navigating neuroimaging in Alzheimer disease care

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Method

Results

Conclusion

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