Skip to main content
Top
Published in:

26-07-2023 | COVID-19 | Review

Delivering Primary Health Care (PHC) Services for Controlling NCDs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review

Authors: Javad Barzegari, Pouran Raeissi, Seyed- Masoud Hashemi, Aidin Aryan Khesal, Nahid Reisi

Published in: Journal of Prevention | Issue 5/2023

Login to get access

Abstract

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. NCDs also increase mortality from COVID-19 and primary health care (PHC) services are an important component in the prevention and control of long-term NCDs. The main goal of the present study was to review primary healthcare services for the NCDs patients via primary healthcare network during COVID-19 pandemic. In this scoping review, Search engines including PubMed, Scopus, and Science-direct up to 1st February 2022 were searched to identify studies regarding primary care services for NCDs patients via primary health care during COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 42 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in our analysis. 24 studies were about the status and changes of primary health services for NCDs patients in PHC settings, while 18 studies focused on adaptive strategies used during COVID-19 in different countries including United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Portugal, Georgia, South Africa, Thailand, Mexico, India, Kenya, Guatemala and Saudi Arabia. These strategies included remote monitoring, follow up, consultation, empowerment and educational services as well as home visiting Disruption of NCDs services in PHC during the COVID-19 pandemic was observed in different countries, which highlights the urgency of attention of researchers and policy-makers to development of appropriate and adaptive policies to improve PHC service coverage and its quality during the pandemics.
Literature
go back to reference Al Harthi T., Anwar H., Al Lawati A., Al Shuriqi F., Al Rashdi F., Al Mahrouqi A., Al Ismaili M., Al Syiabi R., Al Azri H., Meah U.H., & Al Ghafri, T. (2021). The impact of Covid-19 on diabetes care in muscat governorate: A retrospective cohort study in primary care. Journal of Primary Care and Community Health 12, 21501327211051930. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/21501327211051930 Al Harthi T., Anwar H., Al Lawati A., Al Shuriqi F., Al Rashdi F., Al Mahrouqi A., Al Ismaili M., Al Syiabi R., Al Azri H., Meah U.H., & Al Ghafri, T. (2021). The impact of Covid-19 on diabetes care in muscat governorate: A retrospective cohort study in primary care. Journal of Primary Care and Community Health 12, 21501327211051930. doi:https://​doi.​org/​10.​1177/​2150132721105193​0
go back to reference Carr, M. J., Wright, A. K., Leelarathna, L., Thabit, H., Milne, N., Kanumilli, N., Ashcroft, D. M., & Rutter, M. K. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 restrictions on diabetes health checks and prescribing for people with type 2 diabetes: A UK-wide cohort study involving 618 161 people in primary care. BMJ Quality and Safety, 31(7), 503–514. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2021-013613CrossRefPubMed Carr, M. J., Wright, A. K., Leelarathna, L., Thabit, H., Milne, N., Kanumilli, N., Ashcroft, D. M., & Rutter, M. K. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 restrictions on diabetes health checks and prescribing for people with type 2 diabetes: A UK-wide cohort study involving 618 161 people in primary care. BMJ Quality and Safety, 31(7), 503–514. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1136/​bmjqs-2021-013613CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Chan, E. Y. Y., Kim, J. H., Lo, E. S. K., Huang, Z., Hung, H., Hung, K. K. C., Wong, E. L. Y., Lee, E. K. P., Wong, M. C. S., & Wong, S. Y. S. (2020). What happened to people with non-communicable diseases during COVID-19: Implications of H-EDRM policies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(15), 5588. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155588CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chan, E. Y. Y., Kim, J. H., Lo, E. S. K., Huang, Z., Hung, H., Hung, K. K. C., Wong, E. L. Y., Lee, E. K. P., Wong, M. C. S., & Wong, S. Y. S. (2020). What happened to people with non-communicable diseases during COVID-19: Implications of H-EDRM policies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(15), 5588. https://​doi.​org/​10.​3390/​ijerph17155588CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Chattranukulchai, P., Thongtang, N., Ophascharoensuk, V., Muengtaweepongsa, S., Angkurawaranon, C., Chalom, K., Supungul, S., Thammatacharee, J., Kittikhun, S., Shantavasinkul, P. C., Leelahavarong, P., Rawdaree, P., Tangsawad, S., Pitayarangsarit, S., Kanaderm, C., Assawamakin, A., Roubsanthisuk, W., & Sukonthasarn, A. (2021). An implementation framework for telemedicine to address noncommunicable diseases in Thailand. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 33(8), 968–971. https://doi.org/10.1177/10105395211008754CrossRefPubMed Chattranukulchai, P., Thongtang, N., Ophascharoensuk, V., Muengtaweepongsa, S., Angkurawaranon, C., Chalom, K., Supungul, S., Thammatacharee, J., Kittikhun, S., Shantavasinkul, P. C., Leelahavarong, P., Rawdaree, P., Tangsawad, S., Pitayarangsarit, S., Kanaderm, C., Assawamakin, A., Roubsanthisuk, W., & Sukonthasarn, A. (2021). An implementation framework for telemedicine to address noncommunicable diseases in Thailand. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 33(8), 968–971. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1177/​1010539521100875​4CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Chudasama, Y. V., Gillies, C. L., Zaccardi, F., Coles, B., Davies, M. J., Seidu, S., & Khunti, K. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on routine care for chronic diseases: A global survey of views from healthcare professionals. Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews, 14(5), 965–967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.042CrossRef Chudasama, Y. V., Gillies, C. L., Zaccardi, F., Coles, B., Davies, M. J., Seidu, S., & Khunti, K. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on routine care for chronic diseases: A global survey of views from healthcare professionals. Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews, 14(5), 965–967. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​dsx.​2020.​06.​042CrossRef
go back to reference Coma, E., Mora, N., Méndez, L., Benítez, M., Hermosilla, E., Fàbregas, M., Fina, F., Mercadé, A., Flayeh, S., Guiriguet, C., Balló, E., Martinez Leon, N., Mas, A., Cordomí, S., Lejardi, Y., & Medina, M. (2020). Primary care in the time of COVID-19: monitoring the effect of the pandemic and the lockdown measures on 34 quality of care indicators calculated for 288 primary care practices covering about 6 million people in Catalonia. BMC Fam Pract, 21(1), 208. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-020-01278-8CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Coma, E., Mora, N., Méndez, L., Benítez, M., Hermosilla, E., Fàbregas, M., Fina, F., Mercadé, A., Flayeh, S., Guiriguet, C., Balló, E., Martinez Leon, N., Mas, A., Cordomí, S., Lejardi, Y., & Medina, M. (2020). Primary care in the time of COVID-19: monitoring the effect of the pandemic and the lockdown measures on 34 quality of care indicators calculated for 288 primary care practices covering about 6 million people in Catalonia. BMC Fam Pract, 21(1), 208. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1186/​s12875-020-01278-8CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference David, N. J., Brey, Z., & Ismail, M. (2021). Telemedicine in the Western Cape Department of Health during the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic: Leveraging data to save lives by activating a telemedicine response. African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine, 13(1), e1–e4.CrossRefPubMed David, N. J., Brey, Z., & Ismail, M. (2021). Telemedicine in the Western Cape Department of Health during the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic: Leveraging data to save lives by activating a telemedicine response. African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine, 13(1), e1–e4.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Davin-Casalena, B., Jardin, M., Guerrera, H., Mabille, J., Tréhard, H., Lapalus, D., Ménager, C., Nauleau, S., Cassaro, V., Verger, P., & Guagliardo, V. (2021). L'impact de l'épidémie de COVID-19 sur les soins de premier recours en région Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur : retour d'expérience sur la mise en place d'un dispositif de surveillance en temps réel à partir des données régionales de l'Assurance maladie [The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on first-line primary care in southeastern France: Feedback on the implementation of a real-time monitoring system based on regional health insurance data]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique, 69(3):105–115. French. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2021.04.135 Davin-Casalena, B., Jardin, M., Guerrera, H., Mabille, J., Tréhard, H., Lapalus, D., Ménager, C., Nauleau, S., Cassaro, V., Verger, P., & Guagliardo, V. (2021). L'impact de l'épidémie de COVID-19 sur les soins de premier recours en région Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur : retour d'expérience sur la mise en place d'un dispositif de surveillance en temps réel à partir des données régionales de l'Assurance maladie [The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on first-line primary care in southeastern France: Feedback on the implementation of a real-time monitoring system based on regional health insurance data]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique, 69(3):105–115. French. doi:https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​respe.​2021.​04.​135
go back to reference Enbiale, W., Abdela, S. G., Seyum, M., BedanieHundie, D., Bogale, K. A., Tamirat, K. S., Feleke, M. B., Azage, M., Nigatu, D., & de Vries, H. J. C. (2021). Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic preparation and response on essential health services in primary and tertiary healthcare settings of Amhara region, Ethiopia. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 105(5), 1240–1246. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-0354CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Enbiale, W., Abdela, S. G., Seyum, M., BedanieHundie, D., Bogale, K. A., Tamirat, K. S., Feleke, M. B., Azage, M., Nigatu, D., & de Vries, H. J. C. (2021). Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic preparation and response on essential health services in primary and tertiary healthcare settings of Amhara region, Ethiopia. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 105(5), 1240–1246. https://​doi.​org/​10.​4269/​ajtmh.​21-0354CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Gomes-de Almeida, S., Marabujo, T., & do Carmo-Gonçalves, M. (2021). Grado de satisfacción de los pacientes de la Unidad de Salud Familiar Vitrius con la teleconsulta durante la pandemia del COVID-19 [Telemedicine satisfaction of primary care patients during COVID-19 pandemics]. Semergen, 47(4), 248–255. Spanish. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semerg.2021.01.005 Gomes-de Almeida, S., Marabujo, T., & do Carmo-Gonçalves, M. (2021). Grado de satisfacción de los pacientes de la Unidad de Salud Familiar Vitrius con la teleconsulta durante la pandemia del COVID-19 [Telemedicine satisfaction of primary care patients during COVID-19 pandemics]. Semergen, 47(4), 248–255. Spanish. doi:https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​semerg.​2021.​01.​005
go back to reference Haque, M., Islam, T., Rahman, N. A. A., McKimm, J., Abdullahm, A., & Dhingra, S. (2020). Strengthening primary health-care services to help prevent and control long-term (chronic) non-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries. Risk Manag Healthc Policy, 18(13), 409–426. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S239074CrossRef Haque, M., Islam, T., Rahman, N. A. A., McKimm, J., Abdullahm, A., & Dhingra, S. (2020). Strengthening primary health-care services to help prevent and control long-term (chronic) non-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries. Risk Manag Healthc Policy, 18(13), 409–426. https://​doi.​org/​10.​2147/​RMHP.​S239074CrossRef
go back to reference Hernández-Galdamez, D., Mansilla, K., Peralta, A. L., Rodríguez-Szaszdi, J., Ramírez, J. M., Roche, D., Gulayin, P., Ramirez-Zea, M., He, J., Irazola, V., & Fort, M. P. (2021). Monitoring study participants and implementation with phone calls to support hypertension control during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of a multicomponent intervention trial in guatemala. Global Heart, 16(1), 77. https://doi.org/10.5334/gh.954CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hernández-Galdamez, D., Mansilla, K., Peralta, A. L., Rodríguez-Szaszdi, J., Ramírez, J. M., Roche, D., Gulayin, P., Ramirez-Zea, M., He, J., Irazola, V., & Fort, M. P. (2021). Monitoring study participants and implementation with phone calls to support hypertension control during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of a multicomponent intervention trial in guatemala. Global Heart, 16(1), 77. https://​doi.​org/​10.​5334/​gh.​954CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Kiran, T., Moonen, G., Bhattacharyya, O. K., Agarwal, P., Bajaj, H. S., Kim, J., & Ivers, N. (2020). Managing type 2 diabetes in primary care during COVID-19. Canadian Family Physician, 66(10), 745–747.PubMedPubMedCentral Kiran, T., Moonen, G., Bhattacharyya, O. K., Agarwal, P., Bajaj, H. S., Kim, J., & Ivers, N. (2020). Managing type 2 diabetes in primary care during COVID-19. Canadian Family Physician, 66(10), 745–747.PubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Kunwar, A., Durgad, K., Kaur, P., Sharma, M., Swasticharan, L., Mallela, M., Saxena, A., Tayade, S., Gill, S., Gopal, B. K., Pathni, A. K., Tullu, F. T., Dhaliwal, R. S., & Bhargava, B. (2021). Interventions to ensure the continuum of care for hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic in five Indian states—India Hypertension Control Initiative. Global Heart, 16(1), 82. https://doi.org/10.5334/gh.1010CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kunwar, A., Durgad, K., Kaur, P., Sharma, M., Swasticharan, L., Mallela, M., Saxena, A., Tayade, S., Gill, S., Gopal, B. K., Pathni, A. K., Tullu, F. T., Dhaliwal, R. S., & Bhargava, B. (2021). Interventions to ensure the continuum of care for hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic in five Indian states—India Hypertension Control Initiative. Global Heart, 16(1), 82. https://​doi.​org/​10.​5334/​gh.​1010CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Lapão, L. V., Peyroteo, M., Maia, M., Seixas, J., Gregório, J., Mira da Silva, M., Heleno, B., & Correia, J. C. (2021). Implementation of digital monitoring services during the COVID-19 pandemic for patients with chronic diseases: design science approach. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(8), e24181. https://doi.org/10.2196/24181CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lapão, L. V., Peyroteo, M., Maia, M., Seixas, J., Gregório, J., Mira da Silva, M., Heleno, B., & Correia, J. C. (2021). Implementation of digital monitoring services during the COVID-19 pandemic for patients with chronic diseases: design science approach. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(8), e24181. https://​doi.​org/​10.​2196/​24181CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Lopez Segui, F., Hernandez Guillamet, G., PifarréArolas, H., Marin-Gomez, F. X., Ruiz Comellas, A., Ramirez Morros, A. M., Adroher Mas, C., & Vidal-Alaball, J. (2021). Characterization and identification of variations in types of primary care visits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in catalonia: Big data analysis study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(9), e29622. https://doi.org/10.2196/29622CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lopez Segui, F., Hernandez Guillamet, G., PifarréArolas, H., Marin-Gomez, F. X., Ruiz Comellas, A., Ramirez Morros, A. M., Adroher Mas, C., & Vidal-Alaball, J. (2021). Characterization and identification of variations in types of primary care visits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in catalonia: Big data analysis study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(9), e29622. https://​doi.​org/​10.​2196/​29622CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Nshimyiryo, A., Barnhart, D. A., Cubaka, V. K., Dusengimana, J. M. V., Dusabeyezu, S., Ndagijimana, D., Umutesi, G., Shyirambere, C., Karema, N., Mubiligi, J. M., & Kateera, F. (2021). Barriers and coping mechanisms to accessing healthcare during the COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional survey among patients with chronic diseases in rural Rwanda. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 704. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10783-zCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Nshimyiryo, A., Barnhart, D. A., Cubaka, V. K., Dusengimana, J. M. V., Dusabeyezu, S., Ndagijimana, D., Umutesi, G., Shyirambere, C., Karema, N., Mubiligi, J. M., & Kateera, F. (2021). Barriers and coping mechanisms to accessing healthcare during the COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional survey among patients with chronic diseases in rural Rwanda. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 704. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1186/​s12889-021-10783-zCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Pesantes, M.A., Lazo-Porras, M., Cárdenas, M.K., Diez-Canseco, F., Tanaka-Zafra, J.H., Carrillo Larco, R.M., Bernabé-Ortiz, A., Málaga, G., & Miranda, J.J. (2020). Los retos del cuidado de las personas con diabetes durante el estado de emergencia nacional por COVID-19 en Lima, Perú: recomendaciones para la atención primaria [Healthcare challenges for people with diabetes during the national state of emergency due to COVID-19 in Lima, Peru: primary healthcare recommendations]. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica 2;37(3):541–546. Spanish. doi:https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2020.373.5980 Pesantes, M.A., Lazo-Porras, M., Cárdenas, M.K., Diez-Canseco, F., Tanaka-Zafra, J.H., Carrillo Larco, R.M., Bernabé-Ortiz, A., Málaga, G., & Miranda, J.J. (2020). Los retos del cuidado de las personas con diabetes durante el estado de emergencia nacional por COVID-19 en Lima, Perú: recomendaciones para la atención primaria [Healthcare challenges for people with diabetes during the national state of emergency due to COVID-19 in Lima, Peru: primary healthcare recommendations]. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica 2;37(3):541–546. Spanish. doi:https://​doi.​org/​10.​17843/​rpmesp.​2020.​373.​5980
go back to reference Rachamin, Y., Senn, O., Streit, S., Dubois, J., Deml, M. J., & Jungo, K. T. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the intensity of health services use in general practice: A retrospective cohort study. International Journal of Public Health, 66, 635508.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Rachamin, Y., Senn, O., Streit, S., Dubois, J., Deml, M. J., & Jungo, K. T. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the intensity of health services use in general practice: A retrospective cohort study. International Journal of Public Health, 66, 635508.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Rieckert, A., Schuit, E., Bleijenberg, N., Ten Cate, D., de Lange, W., de Man-van Ginkel, J. M., Mathijssen, E., Smit, L. C., Stalpers, D., Schoonhoven, L., Veldhuizen, J. D., & Trappenburg, J. C. (2021). How can we build and maintain the resilience of our health care professionals during COVID-19? Recommendations based on a scoping review. BMJ Open, 11(1), e043718. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043718CrossRefPubMed Rieckert, A., Schuit, E., Bleijenberg, N., Ten Cate, D., de Lange, W., de Man-van Ginkel, J. M., Mathijssen, E., Smit, L. C., Stalpers, D., Schoonhoven, L., Veldhuizen, J. D., & Trappenburg, J. C. (2021). How can we build and maintain the resilience of our health care professionals during COVID-19? Recommendations based on a scoping review. BMJ Open, 11(1), e043718. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1136/​bmjopen-2020-043718CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Sornsenee, P., Vichitkunakorn, P., Choomalee, K., & Romyasamit, C. (2021). Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and other predictors of true therapeutic inertia on patients with hypertension in a primary care clinic in Thailand. Risk Manag Healthc Policy, 13(14), 3807–3816. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S327644CrossRef Sornsenee, P., Vichitkunakorn, P., Choomalee, K., & Romyasamit, C. (2021). Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and other predictors of true therapeutic inertia on patients with hypertension in a primary care clinic in Thailand. Risk Manag Healthc Policy, 13(14), 3807–3816. https://​doi.​org/​10.​2147/​RMHP.​S327644CrossRef
go back to reference M Tourkmani, A., J ALHarbi, T., Rsheed, A. M. B., Alrasheedy, A. A., ALMadani, W., ALJuraisi, F., AlOtaibi, A.F., AlHarbi, M., AlAbood, A.F. & Alshaikh, A. A. I. (2021). The impact of telemedicine on patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia: findings and implications. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 1357633X20985763.https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X20985763 M Tourkmani, A., J ALHarbi, T., Rsheed, A. M. B., Alrasheedy, A. A., ALMadani, W., ALJuraisi, F., AlOtaibi, A.F., AlHarbi, M., AlAbood, A.F. & Alshaikh, A. A. I. (2021). The impact of telemedicine on patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia: findings and implications. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 1357633X20985763.https://​doi.​org/​10.​1177/​1357633X20985763​
go back to reference Weber, T., Januszewicz, A., AgabitiRosei, E., Tsioufis, K., Okorie, M., Stergiou, G. S., Volpe, M., Kreutz, R., Abraham, G., Azizi, M., Barna, I., The corona-virus disease. (2019). Pandemic compromised routine care for hypertension: A survey conducted among excellence centers of the European Society of Hypertension. Journal of Hypertension, 39(1), 190–195. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000002703CrossRef Weber, T., Januszewicz, A., AgabitiRosei, E., Tsioufis, K., Okorie, M., Stergiou, G. S., Volpe, M., Kreutz, R., Abraham, G., Azizi, M., Barna, I., The corona-virus disease. (2019). Pandemic compromised routine care for hypertension: A survey conducted among excellence centers of the European Society of Hypertension. Journal of Hypertension, 39(1), 190–195. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1097/​HJH.​0000000000002703​CrossRef
go back to reference World Health Organization. (2020b). NCDs, mental health and COVID-19. Departmental News. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.[Google Scholar]. World Health Organization. (2020b). NCDs, mental health and COVID-19. Departmental News. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.[Google Scholar].
go back to reference World Health Organization. (2020c). Pulse survey on continuity of essential health services during the COVID-19 pandemic: interim report, 27 August 2020c. World Health Organization. World Health Organization. (2020c). Pulse survey on continuity of essential health services during the COVID-19 pandemic: interim report, 27 August 2020c. World Health Organization.
go back to reference World Health Organization. (2021). Second round of the national pulse survey on continuity of essential health services during the COVID-19 pandemic: interim report, 22 April 2021. World Health Organization. World Health Organization. (2021). Second round of the national pulse survey on continuity of essential health services during the COVID-19 pandemic: interim report, 22 April 2021. World Health Organization.
go back to reference World Health Organization. (2022). COVID-19 weekly epidemiological update, edition 80, 22 February 2022. World Health Organization. (2022). COVID-19 weekly epidemiological update, edition 80, 22 February 2022.
Metadata
Title
Delivering Primary Health Care (PHC) Services for Controlling NCDs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review
Authors
Javad Barzegari
Pouran Raeissi
Seyed- Masoud Hashemi
Aidin Aryan Khesal
Nahid Reisi
Publication date
26-07-2023
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Prevention / Issue 5/2023
Print ISSN: 2731-5533
Electronic ISSN: 2731-5541
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-023-00733-3