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Urolithiasis
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01-12-2024 | Research

Comprehensive analysis and validation of TP73 as a biomarker for calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis using machine learning and in vivo and in vitro experiments

Authors: Zijian Zhou, Lujia Wang, Lingkai Cai, Peng Gao, Hongcheng Lu, Zhong Wu

Published in: Urolithiasis | Issue 1/2024

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Abstract

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephrolithiasis constitutes approximately 75% of nephrolithiasis cases, resulting from the supersaturation and deposition of CaOx crystals in renal tissues. Despite their prevalence, precise biomarkers for CaOx nephrolithiasis are lacking. With advances in high-throughput sequencing, we aimed to identify biomarkers of CaOx nephrolithiasis by combining two CaOx nephrolithiasis datasets (GSE73680 and GSE117518). Utilizing weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and four machine learning, we identified six hub genes (DLK2, BHLHA15, C12orf5, ICMT, LOXHD1, and TP73) as potential biomarkers. Additionally, CIBERSORT immune infiltration analysis suggested that these core genes may influence immune cell recruitment and infiltration in CaOx nephrolithiasis. Then, TP73 emerged as a significant hub gene in CaOx nephrolithiasis via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis (AUC = 0.885). Furthermore, the role of TP73 was validated in CaOx nephrolithiasis rat models induced by 1% ethylene glycol, as well as clinical samples and renal tubular epithelial cell models treated with 1 mM oxalate. Immunohistochemistry, RNA-Sequencing, and RT-qPCR experiments demonstrated an increased expression of TP73 in CaOx nephrolithiasis rat models and clinical samples. After transfection with TP73 lentivirus, CCK-8 assays suggested that TP73 could inhibit the proliferation of HK-2 and NRK-52E cells. In oxalate-induced cell models, dihydroethidium staining and flow cytometry apoptosis assays indicated that TP73 could enhance ROS levels and cell apoptosis. In summary, our study preliminarily identified TP73 as a diagnostic biomarker and elucidated the promoting role of TP73 in CaOx nephrolithiasis, providing a deeper understanding of the clinical diagnosis and pathogenesis.
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Metadata
Title
Comprehensive analysis and validation of TP73 as a biomarker for calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis using machine learning and in vivo and in vitro experiments
Authors
Zijian Zhou
Lujia Wang
Lingkai Cai
Peng Gao
Hongcheng Lu
Zhong Wu
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Urolithiasis / Issue 1/2024
Print ISSN: 2194-7228
Electronic ISSN: 2194-7236
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-024-01655-3

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