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Medical Oncology
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01-08-2024 | Colorectal Cancer | Review Article

Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of exosomes in colorectal cancer

Authors: Neda Shakerian, Elham Darzi-Eslam, Fatemeh Afsharnoori, Nikoo Bana, Faezeh Noorabad Ghahroodi, Mojtaba Tarin, Maysam Mard-soltani, Bahman Khalesi, Zahra Sadat Hashemi, Saeed Khalili

Published in: Medical Oncology | Issue 8/2024

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Abstract

Exosomes play a key role in colorectal cancer (CRC) related processes. This review explores the various functions of exosomes in CRC and their potential as diagnostic markers, therapeutic targets, and drug delivery vehicles. Exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) significantly influence CRC progression. Specific exosomal lncRNAs are linked to drug resistance and tumor growth, respectively, highlighting their therapeutic potential. Similarly, miRNAs like miR-21, miR-10b, and miR-92a-3p, carried by exosomes, contribute to chemotherapy resistance by altering signaling pathways and gene expression in CRC cells. The review also discusses exosomes' utility in CRC diagnosis. Exosomes from cancer cells have distinct molecular signatures compared to healthy cells, making them reliable biomarkers. Specific exosomal lncRNAs (e.g., CRNDE-h) and miRNAs (e.g., miR-17-92a) have shown effectiveness in early CRC detection and monitoring of treatment responses. Furthermore, exosomes show promise as vehicles for targeted drug delivery. The potential of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes in CRC treatment is also noted, with their role varying from promoting to inhibiting tumor progression. The application of multi-omics approaches to exosome research is highlighted, emphasizing the potential for discovering novel CRC biomarkers through comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses. The review also explores the emerging field of exosome-based vaccines, which utilize exosomes' natural properties to elicit strong immune responses. In conclusion, exosomes represent a promising frontier in CRC research, offering new avenues for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Their unique properties and versatile functions underscore the need for continued investigation into their clinical applications and underlying mechanisms.
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Metadata
Title
Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of exosomes in colorectal cancer
Authors
Neda Shakerian
Elham Darzi-Eslam
Fatemeh Afsharnoori
Nikoo Bana
Faezeh Noorabad Ghahroodi
Mojtaba Tarin
Maysam Mard-soltani
Bahman Khalesi
Zahra Sadat Hashemi
Saeed Khalili
Publication date
01-08-2024
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Medical Oncology / Issue 8/2024
Print ISSN: 1357-0560
Electronic ISSN: 1559-131X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-024-02440-3

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