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Development and external evaluation of a self-learning auto-segmentation model for Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases Assessment (COALA)

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Abstract

Objectives

Total tumor volume (TTV) is associated with overall and recurrence-free survival in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM). However, the labor-intensive nature of such manual assessments has hampered the clinical adoption of TTV as an imaging biomarker. This study aimed to develop and externally evaluate a CRLM auto-segmentation model on CT scans, to facilitate the clinical adoption of TTV.

Methods

We developed an auto-segmentation model to segment CRLM using 783 contrast-enhanced portal venous phase CTs (CT-PVP) of 373 patients. We used a self-learning setup whereby we first trained a teacher model on 99 manually segmented CT-PVPs from three radiologists. The teacher model was then used to segment CRLM in the remaining 663 CT-PVPs for training the student model. We used the DICE score and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to compare the student model’s segmentations and the TTV obtained from these segmentations to those obtained from the merged segmentations. We evaluated the student model in an external test set of 50 CT-PVPs from 35 patients from the Oslo University Hospital and an internal test set of 21 CT-PVPs from 10 patients from the Amsterdam University Medical Centers.

Results

The model reached a mean DICE score of 0.85 (IQR: 0.05) and 0.83 (IQR: 0.10) on the internal and external test sets, respectively. The ICC between the segmented volumes from the student model and from the merged segmentations was 0.97 on both test sets.

Conclusion

The developed colorectal cancer liver metastases auto-segmentation model achieved a high DICE score and near-perfect agreement for assessing TTV.

Critical relevance statement

AI model segments colorectal liver metastases on CT with high performance on two test sets. Accurate segmentation of colorectal liver metastases could facilitate the clinical adoption of total tumor volume as an imaging biomarker for prognosis and treatment response monitoring.

Key Points

  • Developed colorectal liver metastases segmentation model to facilitate total tumor volume assessment.
  • Model achieved high performance on internal and external test sets.
  • Model can improve prognostic stratification and treatment planning for colorectal liver metastases.

Graphical Abstract

Title
Development and external evaluation of a self-learning auto-segmentation model for Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases Assessment (COALA)
Authors
Jacqueline I. Bereska
Michiel Zeeuw
Luuk Wagenaar
Håvard Bjørke Jenssen
Nina J. Wesdorp
Delanie van der Meulen
Leonard F. Bereska
Efstratios Gavves
Boris V. Janssen
Marc G. Besselink
Henk A. Marquering
Jan-Hein T. M. van Waesberghe
Davit L. Aghayan
Egidijus Pelanis
Janneke van den Bergh
Irene I. M. Nota
Shira Moos
Gunter Kemmerich
Trygve Syversveen
Finn Kristian Kolrud
Joost Huiskens
Rutger-Jan Swijnenburg
Cornelis J. A. Punt
Jaap Stoker
Bjørn Edwin
Åsmund A. Fretland
Geert Kazemier
Inez M. Verpalen
for the Pancreatobiliary and Hepatic Artificial Intelligence Research (PHAIR) consortium
the Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group Liver Expert Panel
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
Springer Vienna
Published in
Insights into Imaging / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1869-4101
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-024-01820-7
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