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Digestive Diseases and Sciences
Published in:

Open Access 16-05-2024 | Colonoscopy | Original Article

Accuracy, Acceptability, and Application: Fecal Immunochemical Tests for Early Detection of Advanced Neoplasia in Colonoscopy-Based Surveillance

Authors: Molla M. Wassie, Maddison Dix, Geraldine Laven-Law, Norma Bulamu, Charles Cock, Peter Bampton, Robert J. Fraser, Jean M. Winter, Graeme P. Young, Erin L. Symonds

Published in: Digestive Diseases and Sciences | Issue 7/2024

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Abstract

Background

The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is widely used in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, but limited data exist for its application in individuals at above-average risk for CRC who complete surveillance colonoscopies.

Aim

To assess the accuracy, acceptability, and effectiveness of FIT in the interval between surveillance colonoscopies, for predicting advanced neoplasia (advanced adenoma or CRC) at the next colonoscopy.

Methods

Individuals enrolled in an Australian surveillance program were included. Diagnostic accuracy was determined for 614 individuals completing a two-sample FIT (OC-Sensor) ≤ 3 months preceding surveillance colonoscopy. 386 Individuals were surveyed to assess acceptability of interval FIT. Additionally, a retrospective analysis was performed on 7331 individuals offered interval FIT between colonoscopies, where a positive FIT (≥ 20 µg hemoglobin/g feces) triggered an early colonoscopy. Associations between interval FIT results and advanced neoplasia were determined using regression analysis.

Results

FIT detected CRC and advanced adenoma with sensitivities of 60.0% (3/5) and 27.1% (35/129), respectively. Most (89.1%, 344/386) survey respondents preferred completing interval FIT every 1–2 years. The detection rate of interval FIT for advanced neoplasia decreased with increasing FIT completion. Individuals returning a positive FIT had a higher risk of advanced neoplasia than those who did not complete FIT. Positive interval FIT reduced time-to-diagnosis for CRC and advanced adenoma by a median of 30 and 20 months, respectively.

Conclusion

Interval FIT was well accepted and enabled earlier detection of advanced neoplasia in individuals at above-average risk of CRC. Given that interval FIT predicts advanced neoplasia, it may be used to personalize surveillance colonoscopy intervals.
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Metadata
Title
Accuracy, Acceptability, and Application: Fecal Immunochemical Tests for Early Detection of Advanced Neoplasia in Colonoscopy-Based Surveillance
Authors
Molla M. Wassie
Maddison Dix
Geraldine Laven-Law
Norma Bulamu
Charles Cock
Peter Bampton
Robert J. Fraser
Jean M. Winter
Graeme P. Young
Erin L. Symonds
Publication date
16-05-2024
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Digestive Diseases and Sciences / Issue 7/2024
Print ISSN: 0163-2116
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2568
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-024-08466-x

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