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Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
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03-12-2024 | CNS Metastasis | Review Free for a limited time

Emerging Therapies for Brain Metastases in NSCLC, Breast Cancer, and Melanoma: A Critical Review

Authors: Vivek Podder, Tulika Ranjan, Maya Gowda, Alejandra M. Camacho, Manmeet S. Ahluwalia

Published in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports | Issue 1/2025

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Advancements in precision medicine have shifted the treatment paradigm of brain metastases (BM) from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast cancer, and melanoma, especially through targeted therapies focused on specific molecular drivers. These novel agents have improved outcomes by overcoming challenges posed by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and resistance mechanisms, enabling more effective treatment of BM.

Recent Findings

In NSCLC, therapies such as osimertinib have improved efficacy in treating EGFR-mutant BM, with emerging combinations such as amivantamab and lazertinib offering promising alternatives for patients resistant to frontline therapies. In HER2-positive breast cancer, significant advancements with tucatinib and trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) have transformed the treatment landscape, achieving improved survival and intracranial control in patients with BM. Similarly, in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), novel therapies such as sacituzumab govitecan (SG) and datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) offer new hope for managing BM. For melanoma, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors such as nivolumab and ipilimumab has proven effective in enhancing survival for patients with BM, both in BRAF-mutant and wild-type cases.

Summary

Developing targeted therapies penetrating the BBB has revolutionized BM treatment by targeting key drivers like EGFR, ALK, HER2, and BRAF. Despite improved survival, challenges persist, particularly for patients with resistant genetic alterations. Future research should optimise combination therapies, overcome resistance, and refine treatment sequencing. Continued emphasis on personalized, biomarker-driven approaches offers the potential to further improve outcomes, even for complex cases.
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Metadata
Title
Emerging Therapies for Brain Metastases in NSCLC, Breast Cancer, and Melanoma: A Critical Review
Authors
Vivek Podder
Tulika Ranjan
Maya Gowda
Alejandra M. Camacho
Manmeet S. Ahluwalia
Publication date
03-12-2024

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Recent advances in the use of CAR T-cell therapies in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma

In this webinar, Professor Martin Dreyling and an esteemed international panel of CAR T-cell therapy experts discuss the latest data on the safety, efficacy, and clinical impact of CAR T-cell therapies in the treatment of r/r DLBCL and r/r FL.

Please note, this webinar is not intended for healthcare professionals based in the US and UK.

Sponsored by:
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Chaired by: Prof. Martin Dreyling
Developed by: Springer Healthcare
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