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01-12-2024 | Original Paper

Changing age pattern and diverse outcomes of herpes zoster ophthalmicus: exploring the temporal trend, decrease in incident age and influence of treatment strategies

Authors: Sakshi Dahmiwal, Priyanka, Nikhila C. Jain, Rajamathangi S, Kanika Singh, Shuaib Ahmed Siddiqui, Bhavana Sharma

Published in: International Ophthalmology | Issue 1/2024

Abstract

Purpose

Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO) is a disease commonly affecting the elderly and immunocompromised. Over the last several years, a trend towards decreasing incident age, albeit with varying clinical features, has been observed. This temporal trend towards the younger age group necessitates a detailed evaluation to determine possible causes of its occurrence in this population.

Method

This is a hospital-based retrospective study. 154 datasheets were initially identified. After excluding non-relevant data sheets (88), 56 relevant and complete records were subjected to comprehensive analysis in adherence to the inclusion criteria.

Results

Most commonly affected age group was < 40 years, with the mean age being 38. Conjunctivitis was the most frequent occurrence seen in 82.05%. Keratitis was seen in varying forms as, epithelial (64.44%), stromal (15.3%) & nummular (3.57%). Anterior uveitis in 35.89%, posterior uveitis (retinitis, neuro-retinitis) in 7.69% of cases, posterior segment involvement (rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, optic atrophy) in 8.8%, secondary glaucoma in 28.2%, optic neuritis in 5.3% while orbital apex and cavernous sinus involvement were seen in one case.

Conclusion

This study reflects a temporal shift in the incidence of HZO towards the younger age group. The proportion of younger patients with HZO is increasing with some male preponderance. Identifiable factors contributing to potential risk, recurrence, and chronicity of HZO are related to demographics, immune status, dietary, environmental associations, vaccination status, and previous history of recurrences. Reported outcomes can be valuable in understanding the evolving patterns of HZO and improving patient care, public health and vaccination policies.

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Title: Changing age pattern and diverse outcomes of herpes zoster ophthalmicus: exploring the temporal trend, decrease in incident age and influence of treatment strategies
Authors: Sakshi Dahmiwal
Priyanka
Nikhila C. Jain
Rajamathangi S
Kanika Singh
Shuaib Ahmed Siddiqui
Bhavana Sharma
Publication date: 01-12-2024
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Published in: International Ophthalmology / Issue 1/2024
Print ISSN: 0165-5701
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2630
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-024-03369-2

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Changing age pattern and diverse outcomes of herpes zoster ophthalmicus: exploring the temporal trend, decrease in incident age and influence of treatment strategies

Abstract

Purpose

Method

Results

Conclusion

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