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Current Heart Failure Reports
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Open Access 25-02-2025 | Cardiac Diagnostics | Review

Imaging of Congestion in Cardio-renal Syndrome

Authors: Htet Htet Ei Khin, Joe J. Cuthbert, Abhilash Koratala, Giovanni Donato Aquaro, Nicola Riccardo Pugliese, Luna Gargani, Sokratis Stoumpos, John G. F. Cleland, Pierpaolo Pellicori

Published in: Current Heart Failure Reports | Issue 1/2025

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Both cardiac and renal dysfunction can lead to water overload - commonly referred to as “congestion”. Identification of congestion is difficult, especially when clinical signs are subtle.

Recent Findings

As an extension of an echocardiographic examination, ultrasound can be used to identify intravascular (inferior vena cava diameter dilation, internal jugular vein distension or discontinuous venous renal flow) and tissue congestion (pulmonary B-lines). Combining assessment of cardiac structure, cardiac and renal function and measures of congestion informs the management of heart and kidney disease, which should improve patient outcomes.

Summary

In this manuscript, we describe imaging techniques to identify and quantify congestion, clarify its origin, and potentially guide the management of patients with cardio-renal syndrome.
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Metadata
Title
Imaging of Congestion in Cardio-renal Syndrome
Authors
Htet Htet Ei Khin
Joe J. Cuthbert
Abhilash Koratala
Giovanni Donato Aquaro
Nicola Riccardo Pugliese
Luna Gargani
Sokratis Stoumpos
John G. F. Cleland
Pierpaolo Pellicori
Publication date
25-02-2025
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Heart Failure Reports / Issue 1/2025
Print ISSN: 1546-9530
Electronic ISSN: 1546-9549
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11897-025-00695-z

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