A six-year-old girl presented with complaints of intermittent, non-progressive swelling on the right side of her neck for 3 mo, which became more prominent with straining and coughing. She was hemodynamically stable with no dysmorphic features. Neck examination revealed no swelling at rest, but on coughing, a swelling rapidly appeared on the anterior part of the right side of her neck, posterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle (Fig. 1a). The swelling was soft, non-tender, non-pulsatile, mobile and with well-defined margins measuring 3 × 4 cm.
Fig. 1
a Visible swelling in the neck with coughing; b USG neck showing dilatation of right IJV; c Doppler examination showing venous waveform
Growing numbers of young people are using e-cigarettes, despite warnings of respiratory effects and addiction. How can doctors tackle the epidemic, and what health effects should you prepare to manage in your clinics?
