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International Journal of Implant Dentistry
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Open Access 01-12-2024 | Bone Defect | Review

Peri-implant bone regeneration in pigs

Authors: Siddharth Shanbhag, Javier Sanz-Esporrin, Carina Kampleitner, Stein-Atle Lie, Reinhard Gruber, Kamal Mustafa, Mariano Sanz

Published in: International Journal of Implant Dentistry | Issue 1/2024

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Abstract

Purpose

To review the current literature to answer the focused question: in the experimental pig model (population), which types of peri-implant bone defects (exposure) have been used evaluate different modes of therapy and what is their capacity for spontaneous healing and regeneration (outcome)?

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, electronic databases were searched for studies reporting peri-implant bone defects in the maxillae or mandibles of pigs. Those studies which reported a control group of untreated defects with assessment of spontaneous regeneration [new bone area (BA)] and/or re-osseointegration [new bone-to-implant contact (BIC)] via quantitative radiography or histomorphometry were included in a random effects meta-analysis for the outcomes BA and BIC.

Results

Overall, 21 studies, mostly performed in the mandibles of minipigs, were included. Most studies reported ‘acute’ intrabony (circumferential and/or dehiscence; n = 12) or supra-alveolar defects (horizontal; n = 4). Five studies attempted to induce ‘chronic’ peri-implantitis lesions using ligatures with conflicting results. Meta-analyses revealed pooled estimates (with 95% confidence intervals) of 48.07% BIC (30.14–66%) and 64.31% BA (42.71–85.91%) in intrabony defects, and 52.09% BIC (41.83–62.35%) and 28.62% BA (12.97–44.28%) in supra-alveolar defects. Heterogeneity in the meta-analysis was high (I2 > 90%).

Conclusion

Current evidence for peri-implant bone regeneration in pigs is mainly based on acute intrabony defects, which demonstrate a high capacity for spontaneous regeneration and re-osseointegration. The evidence for chronic peri-implantitis is limited and does not clearly indicate a spontaneous progression of the disease in this animal model.
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Metadata
Title
Peri-implant bone regeneration in pigs
Authors
Siddharth Shanbhag
Javier Sanz-Esporrin
Carina Kampleitner
Stein-Atle Lie
Reinhard Gruber
Kamal Mustafa
Mariano Sanz
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keyword
Bone Defect
Published in
International Journal of Implant Dentistry / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 2198-4034
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-024-00572-9

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