Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Anesthesiology Cardiology Dermatology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology General Medicine Geriatrics Hematology Infectious Diseases Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Obstetrics and Gynecology Oncology Pediatrics Psychiatry Radiology Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery Urology
Congress Coverage
2024 ESMO Congress 2024 ERS Congress 2024 EASD Congress 2024 ESC Congress 2024 EAN Congress 2024 ASCO Annual Meeting 2024 ACC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote series | Spotlight on menopause

Menopause can have a significant impact on the body, with effects ranging beyond the endocrine and reproductive systems. Learn about the systemic effects of menopause, so you can help patients in your clinics through the transition.

Launching: Thursday 12th December 2024
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Oral Health
Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Bleaching | Research

Effects of immersion in various beverages, polishing and bleaching systems on surface roughness and microhardness of CAD/CAM restorative materials

Authors: Kerem Yılmaz, Erdem Özdemir, Fehmi Gönüldaş

Published in: BMC Oral Health | Issue 1/2024

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an immune-boosting beverage with Sambucus nigra (SAM), an energy beverage (ENE), an in-office bleaching agent with a novel composition, and a fine-grain professional dental prophylaxis (PDP) paste on the surface roughness (Ra) and microhardness (MH) of CAD/CAM restorative materials over time.

Methods

Feldspathic ceramic (FC) and polymer infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) specimens were prepared (N = 126). Glazing, polishing, bleaching and immersion in beverages groups were formed. Bleaching gel containing 25% Hydrogen Peroxide Superior was applied to the specimens with a bleaching pen. Ra and MH were measured at five time points of baseline, days 1, 14, 28 and after PDP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken after PDP. Statistics were performed by ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05).

Results

Ra increased over time regardless of material type, polishing method, beverage type and bleaching (p < 0.0001). Glazed and polished FCs caused higher roughness than PICN, SAM and ENE than distilled water, and bleaching than no bleaching (p < 0.0001). For glazed or polished FCs, MH decreased slightly lower at all time points, but for PICN, MH increased until day 28, not changing after PDP. Beverages decreased the MH of ceramics at all time points, but PDP did not lead to a change for PICN (p < 0.0001). The MH decreased more in bleached specimens than in non-bleached specimens up to day 28 (p < 0.0001). According to the SEM images after PDP, the glazed FC had numerous crack marks, pores and detached particles. The polished FC had traces of mechanical polishing. The polymer part of the PICN had voids, but the ceramic part was better preserved.

Conclusions

Both energy beverages and immune-boosting beverages can increase roughness on FCs compared to PICNs. There was no significant difference between glazing and polishing in terms of lower roughness in FCs. PDP tended to slightly increase the roughness for ceramics, while it tended not to change it for PICN. Beverages decreased the microhardness of ceramics. PDP further decreased the microhardness in glazed ceramics, but increased it in polished ones. In PICN the microhardness increased over time, but decreased slightly after PDP.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
de Andrade GS, Augusto MG, Simões BV, Pagani C, Saavedra GSFA, Bresciani E. Impact of simulated toothbrushing on surface properties of chairside CAD-CAM materials: an in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent. 2021;125(3):e4691–6.CrossRef
2.
Comba A, Baldi A, Carossa M, Michelotto Tempesta R, Garino E, et al. Post-fatigue Fracture Resistance of Lithium Disilicate and Polymer-Infiltrated Ceramic Network Indirect Restorations over endodontically-treated molars with different Preparation designs: an In-Vitro Study. Polym (Basel). 2022;14(23):5084.CrossRef
3.
Tekçe N, Fidan S, Tuncer S, Kara D, Demirci M. The effect of glazing and aging on the surface properties of CAD/CAM resin blocks. J Adv Prosthodont. 2018;10(1):50–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
4.
Figueiredo-Pina CG, Patas N, Canhoto J, Claudio R, Olhero SM, Serro AP, et al. Tribological behaviour of unveneered and veneered lithium disilicate dental material. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2016;53:226–38.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Farahat DS, El-Wassefy NA. Effects of food-simulating solutions on the surface properties of two CAD/CAM resin composites. J Clin Exp Dent. 2022;14(10):e782–90.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
6.
Labban N, Al Amri MD, Alnafaiy SM, Alhijji SM, Alenizy MA, Iskandar M, et al. Influence of Toothbrush Abrasion and Surface treatments on roughness and gloss of polymer-infiltrated ceramics. Polym (Basel). 2021;13(21):3694.CrossRef
7.
Alnasser M, Finkelman M, Papathanasiou A, Suzuki M, Ghaffari R, Ali A. Effect of acidic pH on surface roughness of esthetic dental materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;122(6):e5671–8.CrossRef
8.
9.
Demir N, Karci M, Ozcan M. Effects of 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching on the Surface properties of Glazed Glassy Matrix ceramics. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:1864298.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
10.
Yılmaz MN, Gul P. Susceptibility to discoloration of dental restorative materials containing dimethacrylate resin after bleaching. Odontology. 2023;111(2):376–86.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Carneiro TS, Favoreto MW, Mena-Serrano A, Wendlinger M, Forville H, Reis A, et al. In vitro evaluation of the effect of different bleaching varnishes: hydrogen peroxide penetration into the pulp chamber and color change. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2024;36(2):402–9.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Kanat-Ertürk B. Color Stability of CAD/CAM Ceramics Prepared with different surface finishing procedures. J Prosthodont. 2020;29(2):166–72.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Martin BR, Richardson J. An exploratory review of potential Adjunct therapies for the treatment of Coronavirus infections. J Chiropr Med. 2021;20(4):199–217.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
14.
Gurdogan Guler EB, Bayrak GD, Unsal M, Selvi Kuvvetli S. Effect of pediatric multivitamin syrups and effervescent tablets on the surface microhardness and roughness of restorative materials: an in vitro study. J Dent Sci. 2021;16(1):311–7.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Briso AL, Caruzo LP, Guedes AP, Catelan A, dos Santos PH. In vitro evaluation of surface roughness and microhardness of restorative materials submitted to erosive challenges. Oper Dent. 2011;36(4):397–402.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Çakmak G, Subaşı MG, Sert M, Yilmaz B. Effect of surface treatments on wear and surface properties of different CAD-CAM materials and their enamel antagonists. J Prosthet Dent. 2023;129(3):495–506.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Koçak EF, Ekren O, Johnston WM, Uçar Y. Analysis of color differences in stained contemporary esthetic dental materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2021;126(3):438–45.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Johnsen GF, Haugen HJ, Nogueira LP, Sevgi U, Jimenez AM, DeLuca JT, et al. Assessment of the Root Canal similarity in Contralateral Mandibular incisors. Int Dent J. 2023;73(1):71–8.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Ertaş E, Güler AU, Yücel AC, Köprülü H, Güler E. Color stability of resin composites after immersion in different drinks. Dent Mater J. 2006;25(2):371–6.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Mota EG, Smidt LN, Fracasso LM, Burnett LH Jr, Spohr AM. The effect of milling and postmilling procedures on the surface roughness of CAD/CAM materials. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2017;29(6):450–8.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Sasany R, Ergün Kunt G, Koca MF. Influence different polishing systems on roughness and colour stability of chairside CAD/CAM blocks with laminate veneer thickness. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater. 2022;20:22808000221086493.PubMed
22.
Vichi A, Fabian Fonzar R, Goracci C, Carrabba M, Ferrari M. Effect of Finishing and Polishing on Roughness and gloss of Lithium Disilicate and Lithium Silicate Zirconia Reinforced Glass Ceramic for CAD/CAM systems. Oper Dent. 2018;43(1):90–100.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Hajdu AI, Dumitrescu R, Balean O, Lalescu DV, Buzatu BLR, Bolchis V, et al. Enhancing esthetics in Direct Dental Resin Composite: investigating Surface Roughness and Color Stability. J Funct Biomater. 2024;15(8):208.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
24.
Kolarovszki B, Sándor A, Szabó P, Kopniczky J, Frank D, Nagy Á, et al. Energy drinks alter the surface morphology and roughness of composites, fissure sealants and titanium: an in vitro study. Heliyon. 2022;8(9):e10764.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
25.
Szalewski L, Wójcik D, Bogucki M, Szkutnik J, Różyło-Kalinowska I. The influence of Popular beverages on Mechanical properties of Composite resins. Mater (Basel). 2021;14(11):3097.CrossRef
26.
Yazkan B. Surface degradation evaluation of different self-adhesive restorative materials after prolonged energy drinks exposure. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2020;32(7):707–14.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Trivedi K, Bhaskar V, Ganesh M, Venkataraghavan K, Choudhary P, Shah S, et al. Erosive potential of commonly used beverages, medicated syrup, and their effects on dental enamel with and without restoration: an in vitro study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2015;7(Suppl 2):S474–80.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
28.
Al-Thobity AM, Gad MM, Farooq I, Alshahrani AS, Al-Dulaijan YA. Acid effects on the Physical properties of different CAD/CAM ceramic materials: an in Vitro Analysis. J Prosthodont. 2021;30(2):135–41.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Vaidya N, Kumar P, Pathak K, Punia SK, Choudhary A, Patnana AK. Comparative evaluation of the Influence of Different Sports/Energy Drinks and alcoholic beverages on the Surface roughness of three different flowable esthetic restorative materials: an in Vitro Analysis. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2020;10(5):585–90.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
30.
Arocha MA, Mayoral JR, Lefever D, Mercade M, Basilio J, Roig M. Color stability of siloranes versus methacrylate-based composites after immersion in staining solutions. Clin Oral Investig. 2013;17(6):1481–7.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Flury S, Diebold E, Peutzfeldt A, Lussi A. Effect of artificial toothbrushing and water storage on the surface roughness and micromechanical properties of tooth-colored CAD-CAM materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2017;117(6):767–74.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Egilmez F, Ergun G, Cekic-Nagas I, Vallittu PK, Lassila LVJ. Does artificial aging affect mechanical properties of CAD/CAM composite materials. J Prosthodont Res. 2018;62(1):65–74.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Ludovichetti FS, Trindade FZ, Adabo GL, Pezzato L, Fonseca RG. Effect of grinding and polishing on the roughness and fracture resistance of cemented CAD-CAM monolithic materials submitted to mechanical aging. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;121(5):e8661–8.CrossRef
34.
Cruz MEM, Simões R, Martins SB, Trindade FZ, Dovigo LN, Fonseca RG. Influence of simulated gastric juice on surface characteristics of CAD-CAM monolithic materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2020;123(3):483–90.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Miyashita-Kobayashi A, Haruyama A, Nakamura K, Wu CY, Kuroiwa A, Yoshinar N, et al. Changes in Gloss Alteration, Surface Roughness, and Color of Direct Dental Restorative materials after Professional Dental Prophylaxis. J Funct Biomater. 2023;15(1):8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
36.
37.
Alencar-Silva FJ, Barreto JO, Negreiros WA, Silva PGB, Pinto-Fiamengui LMS, Regis RR. Effect of beverage solutions and toothbrushing on the surface roughness, microhardness, and color stainability of a vitreous CAD-CAM lithium disilicate ceramic. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;121(4):e7111–6.CrossRef
38.
Fasbinder DJ, Neiva GF. Surface evaluation of polishing techniques for new resilient CAD/CAM restorative materials. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2016;28(1):56–66.PubMedCrossRef
39.
Oliveira-Junior OB, Buso L, Fujiy FH, Campos F, Sarmenyo HR, Souza ROA. Influence of polishing procedures on the surface roughness of dental ceramics made by different techniques [published correction appears in. Gen Dent. 2013;61(2):75.
40.
Dalkiz M, Sipahi C, Beydemir B. Effects of six surface treatment methods on the surface roughness of a low-fusing and an ultra low-fusing feldspathic ceramic material. J Prosthodont. 2009;18(3):217–22.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Alamoush RA, Yang J, Alhotan A, Haider J, Matinlinna JP, Elraggal A. The effect of in-office bleaching agents on the Vickers hardness and surface topography of polished and unpolished CAD/CAM composite materials. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):15341.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
42.
43.
Popescu AD, Tuculina MJ, Diaconu OA, Gheorghiță LM, Nicolicescu C, Cumpătă CN, et al. Effects of Dental Bleaching agents on the Surface Roughness of Dental Restoration materials. Med (Kaunas). 2023;59(6):1067.
44.
Brito MG, Amaral FL, Turssi CP, Hofling RT, França FM. Effect of chemical or mechanical finishing/polishing and immersion in staining solutions on the roughness, microhardness, and color stability of CAD-CAM monolithic ceramics. Acta Odontol Latinoam. 2023;36(2):86–95.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
45.
Kukiattrakoon B, Hengtrakool C, Kedjarune-Leggat U. Chemical durability and microhardness of dental ceramics immersed in acidic agents. Acta Odontol Scand. 2010;68(1):1–10.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Silva JG, Martins JP, de Sousa EB, Fernandes NLS, Meira IA, Sampaio FC, et al. Influence of energy drinks on enamel erosion: in vitro study using different assessment techniques. J Clin Exp Dent. 2021;13(11):e1076–82.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
47.
Elmalawany LM, El-Refai DA, Alian GA. Change in surface properties of two different dental resin composites after using various beverages and brushing. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1):966.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
48.
Da Silva MA, Vitti RP, Sinhoreti MA, Consani RL, Silva-Júnior JG, Tonholo J. Effect of alcoholic beverages on surface roughness and microhardness of dental composites. Dent Mater J. 2016;35(4):621–6.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Choi JW, Lee MJ, Oh SH, Kim KM. Changes in the physical properties and color stability of aesthetic restorative materials caused by various beverages. Dent Mater J. 2019;38(1):33–40.PubMedCrossRef
50.
Xu Z, Yu P, Arola DD, Min J, Gao S. A comparative study on the wear behavior of a polymer infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) material and tooth enamel. Dent Mater. 2017;33(12):1351–61.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Gan X, Cai ZB, Zhang BR, Zhou XD, Yu HY. Friction and wear behaviors of Indirect Dental Restorative composites. Tribol Lett. 2012;46:75–86.CrossRef
52.
O’Brien DJ, Parquette B. Polymer toughness transfer in a transparent interpenetrating glass–polymer composite. Compos Sci Technol. 2012;73:57–63.CrossRef
53.
Yu HY, Cai ZB, Ren PD, Zhu MH, Zhou ZR. Friction and wear behavior of dental feldspathic porcelain. Wear. 2006;261:611–21.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Effects of immersion in various beverages, polishing and bleaching systems on surface roughness and microhardness of CAD/CAM restorative materials
Authors
Kerem Yılmaz
Erdem Özdemir
Fehmi Gönüldaş
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Oral Health / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6831
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05256-9

Other articles of this Issue 1/2024

Oral health status, related behaviours and perceived stress in xerostomia, Sicca and Sjögren’s syndromes patients - a cross-sectional study

Exploring the potential link between MitoEVs and the immune microenvironment of periodontitis based on machine learning and bioinformatics methods

  • Open Access
  • Research

Long-term costs of dental care for thailand preschool children by using a system dynamics model

Relationship between malnutrition according to the global leadership initiative on malnutrition criteria and oral health among community-dwelling elderly aged 85 years and older: a cross-sectional study

Is there a rise of prevalence for Molar Incisor Hypomineralization? A meta-analysis of published data

Using autogenous tooth sticky bone graft repair mandibular third molar dentigerous cyst osseous defects