Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) are critical pathological features of bladder cancer that significantly influence patient prognosis and treatment strategies. Previous studies have demonstrated that lymphovascular invasion is linked to poor outcomes in MIBC, including elevated rates of tumor metastasis and recurrence.
1 Accurately and efficiently predicting the LVI status of MIBC enhances our understanding of its biological characteristics and clinical significance, thus offering valuable guidance for personalized treatment. …