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Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health
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Open Access 01-12-2023 | Autism Spectrum Disorder | Research

Clinical characteristics of comorbid tic disorders in autism spectrum disorder: exploratory analysis

Authors: Ye Rim Kim, Da-Yea Song, Guiyoung Bong, Jae Hyun Han, Joo-Hyun Kim, Hee Jeong Yoo

Published in: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health | Issue 1/2023

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Abstract

Background

The frequency, clinical characteristics, and associated symptoms of comorbid tic disorders in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain unclear.

Methods

We included subsets of individuals from a larger genetic study who were diagnosed with ASD (n = 679; age: 4–18 years) and completed the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) questionnaire. Based on the YGTSS score, the individuals were divided into two groups: ASD only (n = 554) and ASD with tics (n = 125). Individuals were assessed using the verbal and non-verbal intelligence quotient (IQ), Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS-2), Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2), Child Behavior Checklists (CBCL), and Yale-Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (YBOCS), followed by between-group comparisons. All statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.

Results

Tic symptoms were observed in 125 (18.4%) participants; among them, most participants presented both motor and vocal tics (n = 40, 40.0%). The ASD with tics group had a significantly higher average age and full-scale IQ score than the ASD only group. After adjusting for age, the ASD with tics group had significantly higher scores in the SRS-2, CBCL, and YBOCS subdomains than the ASD only group. Furthermore, all variables except the non-verbal IQ and VABS-2 scores were positively correlated with the YGTSS total score. Finally, the proportion of tic symptoms was significantly higher among individuals with a higher IQ score (≥ 70).

Conclusions

The IQ score was positively correlated with the proportion of tic symptoms among individuals with ASD. Moreover, the severity of the core and comorbid symptoms of ASD was associated with the occurrence and severity of tic disorders. Our findings suggest the need for appropriate clinical interventions for individuals with ASD.
Trial registration This study retrospectively registered participants
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Metadata
Title
Clinical characteristics of comorbid tic disorders in autism spectrum disorder: exploratory analysis
Authors
Ye Rim Kim
Da-Yea Song
Guiyoung Bong
Jae Hyun Han
Joo-Hyun Kim
Hee Jeong Yoo
Publication date
01-12-2023
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 1753-2000
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-023-00625-8

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