The demand for real-time diagnostic and image-guided tools during oncological surgery is steadily increasing. While histopathology remains the cornerstone of diagnostic accuracy, it cannot differentiate between cancerous and healthy tissue
in vivo or in real time, and thus has limited intraoperative utility.
1 Analysis of frozen sections may not always provide as detailed an analysis as the final histopathology, and may miss low-volume metastasis,
2 leading surgeons to miss the opportunity for optimal tumor removal. …