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Open Access 15-10-2024 | Arterial Occlusive Disease | Review

Targeting Inflammatory Pathways in Atherosclerosis: Exploring New Opportunities for Treatment

Authors: Alessia d’Aiello, Simone Filomia, Mattia Brecciaroli, Tommaso Sanna, Daniela Pedicino, Giovanna Liuzzo

Published in: Current Atherosclerosis Reports | Issue 12/2024

Abstract

Purpose of the Review

This review discusses the molecular mechanisms involved in the immuno-pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the pleiotropic anti-inflammatory effects of approved cardiovascular therapies and the available evidence on immunomodulatory therapies for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD). We highlight the importance of clinical and translational research in identifying molecular mechanisms and discovering new therapeutic targets.

Recent Findings

The CANTOS (Canakinumab Anti-Inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study) trial was the first to demonstrate a reduction in cardiovascular (CV) risk with anti-inflammatory therapy, irrespective of serum lipid levels.

Summary

ACVD is the leading cause of death worldwide. Although targeting principal risk factors significantly reduces CV risk, residual risk remains unaddressed. The immunological mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis represent attractive therapeutic targets. Several commonly used and non-primarily anti-inflammatory drugs (i.e. SGLT2i, and PCSK9i) exhibit pleiotropic properties. Otherwise, recent trials have investigated the blockade of primarily inflammatory compounds, trying to lower the residual risk via low-dose IL-2, PTPN22 and CD31 pathway modulation. In the era of precision medicine, modern approaches may explore new pharmacological targets, identify new markers of vascular inflammation, and evaluate therapeutic responses.

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Title: Targeting Inflammatory Pathways in Atherosclerosis: Exploring New Opportunities for Treatment
Authors: Alessia d’Aiello
Simone Filomia
Mattia Brecciaroli
Tommaso Sanna
Daniela Pedicino
Giovanna Liuzzo
Publication date: 15-10-2024
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Arterial Occlusive Disease
Coronary Heart Disease
Colchicine
Acute Coronary Syndrome
PCSK9 Inhibitor
Statins
Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors
Incretin Mimetics
Incretin Mimetics
Methotrexate
Dyslipidemia
Hyperglycemia
Hypertension
Published in: Current Atherosclerosis Reports / Issue 12/2024
Print ISSN: 1523-3804
Electronic ISSN: 1534-6242
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-024-01241-3

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Open Access
Dyslipidemia
Review

Keynote series | Spotlight on menopause

Menopause
Video Series

Menopause can have a significant impact on the body, with effects ranging beyond the endocrine and reproductive systems. Learn about the broader systemic effects of menopause, so you can help patients in your clinics through the transition.

Launching: Thursday 12th December 2024

Prof. Martha Hickey

Dr. Claudia Barth

Dr. Samar El Khoudary

Developed by: Springer Medicine

A quick guide to ECGs

Electrocardiography
Training Course

Improve your ECG interpretation skills with this comprehensive, rapid, interactive course. Expert advice provides detailed feedback as you work through 50 ECGs covering the most common cardiac presentations to ensure your practice stays up to date.

PD Dr. Carsten W. Israel

Developed by: Springer Medizin

Start the cases

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Medication non-adherence is a major barrier to effective healthcare delivery; half of all patients do not follow their doctor’s recommendations or treatment plan.

Our experts explain the fundamentals with a practical discussion of how to manage non-adherence in two common scenarios: hypertension and asthma control.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin

Prof. Florian Limbourg

Prof. Anoop Chauhan