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Current Atherosclerosis Reports
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Open Access 16-05-2024 | Arterial Occlusive Disease | Review

Comparative Analysis of Atherogenic Lipoproteins L5 and Lp(a) in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Authors: Omer Akyol, Chao-Yuh Yang, Darren G. Woodside, Huan-Hsing Chiang, Chu-Huang Chen, Antonio M. Gotto

Published in: Current Atherosclerosis Reports | Issue 7/2024

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) poses a risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). As LDL comprises various subtypes differing in charge, density, and size, understanding their specific impact on ASCVD is crucial. Two highly atherogenic LDL subtypes—electronegative LDL (L5) and Lp(a)—induce vascular cell apoptosis and atherosclerotic changes independent of plasma cholesterol levels, and their mechanisms warrant further investigation. Here, we have compared the roles of L5 and Lp(a) in the development of ASCVD.

Recent Findings

Lp(a) tends to accumulate in artery walls, promoting plaque formation and potentially triggering atherosclerosis progression through prothrombotic or antifibrinolytic effects. High Lp(a) levels correlate with calcific aortic stenosis and atherothrombosis risk. L5 can induce endothelial cell apoptosis and increase vascular permeability, inflammation, and atherogenesis, playing a key role in initiating atherosclerosis. Elevated L5 levels in certain high-risk populations may serve as a distinctive predictor of ASCVD.

Summary

L5 and Lp(a) are both atherogenic lipoproteins contributing to ASCVD through distinct mechanisms. Lp(a) has garnered attention, but equal consideration should be given to L5.
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Metadata
Title
Comparative Analysis of Atherogenic Lipoproteins L5 and Lp(a) in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors
Omer Akyol
Chao-Yuh Yang
Darren G. Woodside
Huan-Hsing Chiang
Chu-Huang Chen
Antonio M. Gotto
Publication date
16-05-2024
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Atherosclerosis Reports / Issue 7/2024
Print ISSN: 1523-3804
Electronic ISSN: 1534-6242
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-024-01209-3

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