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Current Psychiatry Reports
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Open Access 12-04-2025 | Anxiety | REVIEW

The Gut Microbiome in Anxiety Disorders

Authors: Mary I. Butler, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Jolana Wagner-Skacel, Sabrina Mörkl, Gerard Clarke

Published in: Current Psychiatry Reports | Issue 5/2025

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Abstract

Purpose of review

We aim to update readers on the latest evidence regarding the role of the gut microbiome in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD), agoraphobia, and social anxiety disorder (SAD). This review summarises the literature on microbiome composition and function in these conditions, provides insights about causality and mechanisms and evaluates current evidence for microbiome-based interventions in anxiety disorders.

Recent findings

Most studies exploring the microbiome in anxiety disorders are small, cross-sectional studies. Nevertheless, some consistent findings emerge. Bacterial taxa such as Eubacterium, Coprococcus and Faecalibacterium may be depleted in GAD. Studies in PD and SAD are scarce and, to our knowledge, there have been no studies conducted in agoraphobia. Probiotics may help reduce anxiety symptoms, although the majority of studies have been in non-clinical cohorts.

Summary

Large, prospective studies are required to further elucidate the role of the microbiome-gut-brain axis in anxiety disorders. Microbiome-based interventions hold promise, but randomised controlled trials in clinical populations with relevant diagnoses are now warranted and urgently required.
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Metadata
Title
The Gut Microbiome in Anxiety Disorders
Authors
Mary I. Butler
Sarah Kittel-Schneider
Jolana Wagner-Skacel
Sabrina Mörkl
Gerard Clarke
Publication date
12-04-2025

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