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Journal of Medical Case Reports
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Open Access 01-12-2024 | Anxiety | Case report

The effect of binaural pulse modulation (B.P.M) on brain state in depression and anxiety: a case series

Authors: Gerry Leisman, Joseph Wallach, Yanin Machado-Ferrer, Mauricio Chinchilla-Acosta, Abraham Gérard Meyer, Robert Lebovits, Scott Donkin

Published in: Journal of Medical Case Reports | Issue 1/2024

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Abstract

Objective

In this pilot study a binaural pulse modulator was tested to see if it leads to a change in self-reported measures of distress. This binaural pulse modulator produces two frequencies that combine to create a binaural pulse to stimulate the nervous system through a differential auditory tone presentation and the response of the user can be adjusted to the appropriate target tone for effective treatment use. Each individual calibrated the binaural pulse to increase the level of emotion experienced while imagining an experience with a similar emotional valence or while engaged in a cognitive function while also listening to the sound. “Treatment” is based on the client’s control of the binaural pulses to achieve the desired state. Training focuses on specific aspects of their psychological difficulties while listening to an auditory tone, turning a knob until the sound becomes uncomfortable. Finally, another knob is turned to cancel out the uncomfortable noise which appears to be associated with a reduction in distress.

Case presentations

Four adult Hispanic participants (three females and one male) were studied with self-reported measures of distress (generalized anxiety disorder 7, Coronavirus Disease Stress Scale, posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and Beck depression scale II) were completed at screening, before treatment, after treatment, 4-weeks post-treatment, and 12-weeks post-treatment. Quantitative electroencephalogram and functional magnetic resonance imaging were also performed before and after treatment.

Results

Preliminary findings indicated that at the end of treatment with binaural pulse modulator there were reported reductions in self-reported levels of distress. Quantitative electroencephalogram as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging changes in brain state were also noted when comparing pre- to post-treatment. Conclusions: binaural pulse modulator use appears to result in temporary changes in self-reported levels of distress during treatment. Limitations of the study are reviewed and directions for further research are offered.
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Metadata
Title
The effect of binaural pulse modulation (B.P.M) on brain state in depression and anxiety: a case series
Authors
Gerry Leisman
Joseph Wallach
Yanin Machado-Ferrer
Mauricio Chinchilla-Acosta
Abraham Gérard Meyer
Robert Lebovits
Scott Donkin
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Medical Case Reports / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1752-1947
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-024-04888-3

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