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03-01-2024 | Anxiety | Original Contribution

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in Spanish adolescents: results from the EHDLA study

Authors: Estela Jiménez-López, Arthur Eumann Mesas, María Eugenia Visier-Alfonso, Carlos Pascual-Morena, Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno, Eva Herrera-Gutiérrez, José Francisco López-Gil

Published in: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry | Issue 8/2024

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Abstract

Depression and anxiety are prevalent and disabling conditions among adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in adolescents. This cross-sectional study included a sample of 698 adolescent students from a region of Spain (mean age of 13.9 ± 1.5 years; 56.2% girls). Adherence to the MD was evaluated with the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents (KIDMED). Mental health symptoms were measured with the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Logistic regression models were performed, including a wide range of potential confounders. Compared to individuals with low adherence to the MD, those with moderate and high adherence had lower odds of experiencing depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24–0.65 and OR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.20–0.55, respectively), which were statistically significant even after adjustment. No significant associations were found regarding anxiety or stress symptoms. Therefore, according to our results, higher adherence to the MD is inversely related to having depressive symptoms among adolescents, regardless of socioeconomic, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors. Considering the deleterious effects of mental health problems in youths, further research on the role of nonpharmacological strategies for the prevention and treatment of depressive symptoms in adolescence is essential.
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Metadata
Title
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in Spanish adolescents: results from the EHDLA study
Authors
Estela Jiménez-López
Arthur Eumann Mesas
María Eugenia Visier-Alfonso
Carlos Pascual-Morena
Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
Eva Herrera-Gutiérrez
José Francisco López-Gil
Publication date
03-01-2024
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry / Issue 8/2024
Print ISSN: 1018-8827
Electronic ISSN: 1435-165X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-023-02351-0