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04-01-2025 | Anxiety | ORIGINAL PAPER

Correlations Between Spirituality, Anxiety, and Depression in Hemodialysis Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Authors: Ahmad M. Rayani, Michael W. Smart, Salman M. Alreshidi, Yazan D. Al-Mrayat, Mirna Fawaz, Abdulaziz M. Alodhailah, Ebtsam A. Abou Hashish, Hamad G. Dailah, Mashael F. Dewan, Ali Alhaiti, Mohammad Rababa

Published in: Journal of Religion and Health

Abstract

Spirituality is widely recognized as a potential moderator of the adverse effects of hemodialysis on mental health. Understanding its impact on mental health in Saudi Arabia and the Arab world, however, remains a significant research gap. Hence, this study aims to explore the correlations between spirituality, anxiety, and depression among Saudi Arabian patients undergoing hemodialysis. Using a cross-sectional design, 121 hemodialysis patients were recruited. Self-administered surveys were employed to capture demographic data, as well as a Depression and Anxiety Scale, and a Spiritual Well-being Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics, along with multivariate regression, were utilized to analyze the data. Results show that the majority of respondents (77.7–87.6%) report moderate levels of religious well-being (RBW) and existential well-being (EWB), while 76.8–15.7% showed low-to-moderate levels of depression, respectively. Additionally, 20.7% of patients experienced moderate-to-severe anxiety. Significant negative correlations were found between RWB/EWB and depression (r = − 0.459, r = − 0.601, p < 0.001, respectively) and between RWB / EWB and anxiety (r = − 0.341, r = − 0.536, p < 0.001). The RWB accounted for 54.9% of the religious score variance, showing a strong correlation with existential score (β = 0.655, p < 0.001), but not with anxiety or depression. Similarly, the EWB accounted for 63.7% of the EWB variance, showing a correlation with religious score (β = 0.528, p < 0.001) and anxiety score (β = − 0.199, p < 0.05), but not with depression. In contrast, the depression explained 71.2% of the variation in depression scores, as well as showing strong correlations with anxiety (β = 0.663, p < 0.05). The anxiety accounted for 66.8% of the variance in anxiety scores, with depression being a significant predictor (β = 0.763, p < 0.001). This study highlights the importance of integrating spirituality into holistic care for hemodialysis patients because its presence positively influences both mental and physical health outcomes.

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Title: Correlations Between Spirituality, Anxiety, and Depression in Hemodialysis Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ahmad M. Rayani
Michael W. Smart
Salman M. Alreshidi
Yazan D. Al-Mrayat
Mirna Fawaz
Abdulaziz M. Alodhailah
Ebtsam A. Abou Hashish
Hamad G. Dailah
Mashael F. Dewan
Ali Alhaiti
Mohammad Rababa
Publication date: 04-01-2025
Publisher: Springer US
Keyword: Anxiety
Published in: Journal of Religion and Health
Print ISSN: 0022-4197
Electronic ISSN: 1573-6571
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-024-02239-6

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Correlations Between Spirituality, Anxiety, and Depression in Hemodialysis Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

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