Antipsychotic-Related DRESS Syndrome: Analysis of Individual Case Safety Reports of the WHO Pharmacovigilance Database
- Open Access
- 09-05-2024
- Antipsychotics
- Original Research Article
Published in:
- Authors
- Renato de Filippis
- John M. Kane
- Elena Arzenton
- Ugo Moretti
- Emanuel Raschi
- Gianluca Trifirò
- Corrado Barbui
- Pasquale De Fazio
- Chiara Gastaldon
- Georgios Schoretsanitis
- Published in
- Drug Safety | Issue 8/2024
Abstract
Introduction
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is gaining attention in pharmacovigilance, but its association with antipsychotics, other than clozapine, is still unclear.
Methods
We conducted a case/non-case study with disproportionality analysis based on the World Health Organization (WHO) global spontaneous reporting database, VigiBase®. We analyzed individual case safety reports of DRESS syndrome related to antipsychotics compared to (1) all other medications in VigiBase®, (2) carbamazepine (a known positive control), and (3) within classes (typical/atypical) of antipsychotics. We calculated reporting odds ratio (ROR) and Bayesian information component (IC), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Disproportionate reporting was prioritized based on clinical importance, according to predefined criteria. Additionally, we compared characteristics of patients reporting with serious/non-serious reactions.
Results
A total of 1534 reports describing DRESS syndrome for 19 antipsychotics were identified. The ROR for antipsychotics as a class as compared to all other medications was 1.0 (95% CI 0.9–1.1). We found disproportionate reporting for clozapine (ROR 2.3, 95% CI 2.1–2.5; IC 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.3), cyamemazine (ROR 2.3, 95% CI 1.5–3.5; IC 1.2, 95% CI 0.5–1.7), and chlorpromazine (ROR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.1; IC 0.6, 95% CI 0.1–1.0). We found 35.7% of cases with co-reported anticonvulsants, and 25% with multiple concurrent antipsychotics in serious compared to 8.6% in non-serious cases (p = 0.03). Fatal cases were 164 (10.7%).
Conclusions
Apart from the expected association with clozapine, chlorpromazine and cyamemazine (sharing an aromatic heteropolycyclic molecular structure) emerged with a higher-than-expected reporting of DRESS. Better knowledge of the antipsychotic-related DRESS syndrome should increase clinicians’ awareness leading to safer prescribing of antipsychotics.
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- Title
- Antipsychotic-Related DRESS Syndrome: Analysis of Individual Case Safety Reports of the WHO Pharmacovigilance Database
- Authors
-
Renato de Filippis
John M. Kane
Elena Arzenton
Ugo Moretti
Emanuel Raschi
Gianluca Trifirò
Corrado Barbui
Pasquale De Fazio
Chiara Gastaldon
Georgios Schoretsanitis
- Publication date
- 09-05-2024
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published in
-
Drug Safety / Issue 8/2024
Print ISSN: 0114-5916
Electronic ISSN: 1179-1942 - DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-024-01431-7
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