Top

25-09-2024 | Antibiotic | Narrative Review

Challenging management dogma where evidence is non-existent, weak, or outdated: part II

Authors: Daniel A. Hofmaenner, Mervyn Singer

Abstract

Many dogmas influence daily clinical practice, and critical care medicine is no exception. We previously highlighted the weak, questionable, and often contrary evidence base underpinning four established medical managements—loop diuretics for acute heart failure, routine use of heparin thromboprophylaxis, rate of sodium correction for hyponatremia, and ‘every hour counts’ for treating bacterial meningitis. We now provide four further examples in this “Dogma II” piece (a week’s course of antibiotics, diabetic ketoacidosis algorithms, sodium bicarbonate to improve ventricular contractility during severe metabolic acidosis, and phosphate replacement for hypophosphatemia) where routine practice warrants re-appraisal.

Costelloe C, Metcalfe C, Lovering A, Mant D, Hay AD (2010) Effect of antibiotic prescribing in primary care on antimicrobial resistance in individual patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 340:c2096. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c2096CrossRefPubMed

Teshome BF, Vouri SM, Hampton N, Kollef MH, Micek ST (2019) Duration of exposure to antipseudomonal β-lactam antibiotics in the critically ill and development of new resistance. Pharmacotherapy 39:261–270. https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.2201CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Arulkumaran N, Routledge M, Schlebusch S, Lipman J, Conway Morris A (2020) Antimicrobial-associated harm in critical care: a narrative review. Intensive Care Med 46:225–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-05929-3CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Miller M, Singer M (2022) Do antibiotics cause mitochondrial and immune cell dysfunction? A literature review. J Antimicrob Chemother 77:1218–1227. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkac025CrossRefPubMed

Yahav D, Franceschini E, Koppel F, Turjeman A, Babich T, Bitterman R, Neuberger A, Ghanem-Zoubi N, Santoro A, Eliakim-Raz N, Pertzov B, Steinmetz T, Stern A, Dickstein Y, Maroun E, Zayyad H, Bishara J, Alon D, Edel Y, Goldberg E, Venturelli C, Mussini C, Leibovici L, Paul M (2019) Bacteremia duration study group. Seven versus 14 days of antibiotic therapy for uncomplicated gram-negative bacteremia: a noninferiority randomized controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis 69:1091–1098. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy1054CrossRefPubMed

von Dach E, Albrich WC, Brunel AS, Prendki V, Cuvelier C, Flury D, Gayet-Ageron A, Huttner B, Kohler P, Lemmenmeier E, McCallin S, Rossel A, Harbarth S, Kaiser L, Bochud PY, Huttner A (2020) Effect of C-reactive protein-guided antibiotic treatment duration, 7-day treatment, or 14-day treatment on 30-day clinical failure rate in patients with uncomplicated gram-negative bacteremia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 323:2160–2169. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6348CrossRef

Molina J, Montero-Mateos E, Praena-Segovia J, León-Jiménez E, Natera C, López-Cortés LE, Valiente L, Rosso-Fernández CM, Herrero M, Aller-García AI, Cano Á, Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez B, Márquez-Gómez I, Álvarez-Marín R, Infante C, Roca C, Valiente-Méndez A, Pachón J, Reguera JM, Corzo-Delgado JE, Torre-Cisneros J, Rodríguez-Baño J, Cisneros JM, SHORTEN trial team (2022) Seven-versus 14-day course of antibiotics for the treatment of bloodstream infections by Enterobacterales: a randomized, controlled trial. Clin Microbiol Infect 28:550–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2021.09.001CrossRefPubMed

Montravers P, Tubach F, Lescot T, Veber B, Esposito-Farèse M, Seguin P, Paugam C, Lepape A, Meistelman C, Cousson J, Tesniere A, Plantefeve G, Blasco G, Asehnoune K, Jaber S, Lasocki S, Dupont H, DURAPOP Trial Group (2018) Short-course antibiotic therapy for critically ill patients treated for postoperative intra-abdominal infection: the DURAPOP randomised clinical trial. Intensive Care Med 44:300–310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-018-5088-xCrossRefPubMed

Chastre J, Wolff M, Fagon JY, Chevret S, Thomas F, Wermert D, Clementi E, Gonzalez J, Jusserand D, Asfar P, Perrin D, Fieux F, Aubas S, PneumA Trial Group (2003) Comparison of 8 vs 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a randomized trial. JAMA 290:2588–2598. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.290.19.2588CrossRefPubMed

10.

Daneman N, Rishu AH, Xiong W, Bagshaw SM, Dodek P, Hall R, Kumar A, Lamontagne F, Lauzier F, Marshall J, Martin CM, McIntyre L, Muscedere J, Reynolds S, Stelfox HT, Cook DJ, Fowler RA, Canadian Critical Care Trials Group (2016) Duration of antimicrobial treatment for bacteremia in Canadian critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 44:256–264. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000001393CrossRefPubMed

11.

Havey TC, Fowler RA, Daneman N (2011) Duration of antibiotic therapy for bacteremia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care 15:R267. https://doi.org/10.1186/cc10545CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

12.

Møller Gundersen K, Nygaard Jensen J, Bjerrum L, Hansen MP (2019) Short-course vs long-course antibiotic treatment for community-acquired pneumonia: a literature review. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 124:550–559. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.13205CrossRefPubMed

13.

el Moussaoui R, de Borgie CA, van den Broek P, Hustinx WN, Bresser P, van den Berk GE, Poley JW, van den Berg B, Krouwels FH, Bonten MJ, Weenink C, Bossuyt PM, Speelman P, Opmeer BC, Prins JM (2006) Effectiveness of discontinuing antibiotic treatment after three days versus eight days in mild to moderate-severe community acquired pneumonia: randomised, double blind study. BMJ 332:1355. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.332.7554.1355CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

14.

Dinh A, Ropers J, Duran C, Davido B, Deconinck L, Matt M, Senard O, Lagrange A, Makhloufi S, Mellon G, de Lastours V, Bouchand F, Mathieu E, Kahn JE, Rouveix E, Grenet J, Dumoulin J, Chinet T, Pépin M, Delcey V, Diamantis S, Benhamou D, Vitrat V, Dombret MC, Renaud B, Perronne C, Claessens YE, Labarère J, Bedos JP, Aegerter P, Crémieux AC, Pneumonia Short Treatment (PTC) Study Group (2021) Discontinuing β-lactam treatment after 3 days for patients with community-acquired pneumonia in non-critical care wards (PTC): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 397:1195–1203. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00313-5CrossRefPubMed

15.

Mo Y, Booraphun S, Li AY, Domthong P, Kayastha G, Lau YH, Chetchotisakd P, Limmathurotsakul D, Tambyah PA, Cooper BS, REGARD-VAP investigators (2024) Individualised, short-course antibiotic treatment versus usual long-course treatment for ventilator-associated pneumonia (REGARD-VAP): a multicentre, individually randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Respir Med 12:399–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(23)00418-6CrossRefPubMed

16.

Sawyer RG, Claridge JA, Nathens AB, Rotstein OD, Duane TM, Evans HL, Cook CH, O’Neill PJ, Mazuski JE, Askari R, Wilson MA, Napolitano LM, Namias N, Miller PR, Dellinger EP, Watson CM, Coimbra R, Dent DL, Lowry SF, Cocanour CS, West MA, Banton KL, Cheadle WG, Lipsett PA, Guidry CA, Popovsky K, Trial Investigators STOP-IT (2015) Trial of short-course antimicrobial therapy for intraabdominal infection. N Engl J Med 372:1996–2005. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1411162CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

17.

Runyon BA, McHutchison JG, Antillon MR, Akriviadis EA, Montano AA (1991) Short-course versus long-course antibiotic treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. A randomized controlled study of 100 patients. Gastroenterology 100:1737–1742. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(91)90677-dCrossRefPubMed

18.

Holland TL, Raad I, Boucher HW, Anderson DJ, Cosgrove SE, Aycock PS, Baddley JW, Chaftari AM, Chow SC, Chu VH, Carugati M, Cook P, Corey GR, Crowley AL, Daly J, Gu J, Hachem R, Horton J, Jenkins TC, Levine D, Miro JM, Pericas JM, Riska P, Rubin Z, Rupp ME, Schrank J Jr, Sims M, Wray D, Zervos M, Fowler VG Jr, Staphylococcal Bacteremia Investigators (2018) Effect of algorithm-based therapy vs usual care on clinical success and serious adverse events in patients with Staphylococcal bacteremia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 320:1249–1258. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.13155CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

19.

Molyneux E, Nizami SQ, Saha S, Huu KT, Azam M, Bhutta ZA, Zaki R, Weber MW, Qazi SA, CSF 5 Study Group (2011) 5 versus 10 days of treatment with ceftriaxone for bacterial meningitis in children: a double-blind randomised equivalence study. Lancet 377:1837–1845. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60580-1CrossRefPubMed

20.

Thorlacius-Ussing L, Andersen CØ, Frimodt-Møller N, Knudsen IJD, Lundgren J, Benfield TL (2019) Efficacy of seven and fourteen days of antibiotic treatment in uncomplicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB7): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 20:250. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-019-3357-9CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

21.

Ellis-Pegler R, Galler L, Roberts S, Thomas M, Woodhouse A (2003) Three days of intravenous benzyl penicillin treatment of meningococcal disease in adults. Clin Infect Dis 37:658–662. https://doi.org/10.1086/377203CrossRefPubMed

22.

Abbas M, Rossel A, de Kraker MEA, von Dach E, Marti C, Emonet S, Harbarth S, Kaiser L, Uçkay I (2020) Association between treatment duration and mortality or relapse in adult patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 26:626–631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2019.07.019CrossRefPubMed

23.

Riccio LM, Popovsky KA, Hranjec T, Politano AD, Rosenberger LH, Tura KC, Sawyer RG (2014) Association of excessive duration of antibiotic therapy for intra-abdominal infection with subsequent extra-abdominal infection and death: a study of 2,552 consecutive infections. Surg Infect 15:417–424. https://doi.org/10.1089/sur.2012.077CrossRef

24.

Takahashi N, Imaeda T, Nakada TA, Oami T, Abe T, Yamao Y, Nakagawa S, Ogura H, Shime N, Matsushima A, Fushimi K (2022) Short- versus long-course antibiotic therapy for sepsis: a post hoc analysis of the nationwide cohort study. J Intensive Care 10:49. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40560-022-00642-3CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

25.

Schuetz P, Wirz Y, Sager R, Christ-Crain M, Stolz D, Tamm M, Bouadma L, Luyt CE, Wolff M, Chastre J, Tubach F, Kristoffersen KB, Burkhardt O, Welte T, Schroeder S, Nobre V, Wei L, Bucher HC, Annane D, Reinhart K, Damas P, Nijsten M, de Lange DW, Deliberato RO, Oliveira CF, Maravić-Stojković V, Verduri A, Beghé B, Cao B, Shehabi Y, Jensen JS, Corti C, van Oers JAH, Beishuizen A, Girbes ARJ, de Jong E, Briel M, Mueller B (2018) Effect of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic treatment on mortality in acute respiratory infections: a patient level meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 18:95–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30592-3CrossRefPubMed

26.

de Jong E, van Oers JA, Beishuizen A, Vos P, Vermeijden WJ, Haas LE, Loef BG, Dormans T, van Melsen GC, Kluiters YC, Kemperman H, van den Elsen MJ, Schouten JA, Streefkerk JO, Krabbe HG, Kieft H, Kluge GH, van Dam VC, van Pelt J, Bormans L, Otten MB, Reidinga AC, Endeman H, Twisk JW, van de Garde EMW, de Smet AMGA, Kesecioglu J, Girbes AR, Nijsten MW, de Lange DW (2016) Efficacy and safety of procalcitonin guidance in reducing the duration of antibiotic treatment in critically ill patients: a randomised, controlled, open-label trial. Lancet Infect Dis 16:819–827. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(16)00053-0CrossRefPubMed

27.

Hellyer TP, McAuley DF, Walsh TS, Anderson N, Conway Morris A, Singh S, Dark P, Roy AI, Perkins GD, McMullan R, Emerson LM, Blackwood B, Wright SE, Kefala K, O’Kane CM, Baudouin SV, Paterson RL, Rostron AJ, Agus A, Bannard-Smith J, Robin NM, Welters ID, Bassford C, Yates B, Spencer C, Laha SK, Hulme J, Bonner S, Linnett V, Sonksen J, Van Den Broeck T, Boschman G, Keenan DJ, Scott J, Allen AJ, Phair G, Parker J, Bowett SA, Simpson AJ (2020) Biomarker-guided antibiotic stewardship in suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAPrapid2): a randomised controlled trial and process evaluation. Lancet Respir Med 8:182–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30367-4CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

28.

Dark P, Perkins GD, McMullan R, McAuley D, Gordon AC, Clayton J, Mistry D, Young K, Regan S, McGowan N, Stevenson M, Gates S, Carlson GL, Walsh T, Lone NI, Mouncey PR, Singer M, Wilson P, Felton T, Marshall K, Hossain AM (2023) Lall R (2023) biomArker-guided Duration of Antibiotic treatment in hospitalised Patients with suspecTed Sepsis (ADAPT-Sepsis): a protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial. J Intensive Care Soc 24:427–434. https://doi.org/10.1177/17511437231169193CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

29.

Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, Fisher JN (2009) Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care 32:1335–1343. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc09-9032CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

30.

Dhatariya KK, Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care (2022) The management of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults—an updated guideline from the Joint British Diabetes Society for Inpatient Care. Diabet Med 39:e14788. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.14788CrossRefPubMed

31.

Cardoso L, Vicente N, Rodrigues D, Gomes L, Carrilho F (2017) Controversies in the management of hyperglycaemic emergencies in adults with diabetes. Metabolism 68:43–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2016.11.010CrossRefPubMed

32.

Kilpatrick ES, Butler AE, Ostlundh L, Atkin SL, Sacks DB (2022) Controversies around the measurement of blood ketones to diagnose and manage diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes Care 45:267–272. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-2279CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

33.

Vincent M, Nobécourt E (2013) Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis with subcutaneous insulin lispro: a review of the current evidence from clinical studies. Diabetes Metab 39:299–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabet.2012.12.003CrossRefPubMed

34.

Andrade-Castellanos CA, Colunga-Lozano LE, Delgado-Figueroa N, Gonzalez-Padilla DA (2016) Subcutaneous rapid-acting insulin analogues for diabetic ketoacidosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011281.pub2CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

35.

Besen BAMP, Ranzani OT, Singer M (2023) Management of diabetic ketoacidosis. Intensive Care Med 49:95–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-022-06894-9CrossRefPubMed

36.

Blank SP, Blank RM, Campbell L (2022) What Is the optimal speed of correction of the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state in diabetic ketoacidosis? An observational cohort study of U.S. intensive care patients. Endocr Pract 28:875–883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eprac.2022.06.001CrossRefPubMed

37.

Landow L, Visner MS (1993) Does NaHCO₃ exacerbate myocardial acidosis? J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 7:340–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-0770(93)90019-hCrossRefPubMed

38.

Robergs RA, Ghiasvand F, Parker D (2004) Biochemistry of exercise-induced metabolic acidosis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 287:R502–R516. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00114.2004CrossRefPubMed

39.

Asokan A, Cho MJ (2002) Exploitation of intracellular pH gradients in the cellular delivery of macromolecules. J Pharm Sci 91:903–913. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.10095CrossRefPubMed

40.

Orchard CH, Kentish JC (1990) Effects of changes of pH on the contractile function of cardiac muscle. Am J Physiol 258:C967–C981. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1990.258.6.C967CrossRefPubMed

41.

Schotola H, Toischer K, Popov AF, Renner A, Schmitto JD, Gummert J, Quintel M, Bauer M, Maier LS, Sossalla S (2012) Mild metabolic acidosis impairs the β-adrenergic response in isolated human failing myocardium. Crit Care 16:R153. https://doi.org/10.1186/cc11468CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

42.

Graf H, Leach W, Arieff AI (1985) Evidence for a detrimental effect of bicarbonate therapy in hypoxic lactic acidosis. Science 227:754–756. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3969564CrossRefPubMed

43.

Beech JS, Williams SC, Iles RA, Cohen RD, Nolan KM, Evans SJ, Going TC (1995) Haemodynamic and metabolic effects in diabetic ketoacidosis in rats of treatment with sodium bicarbonate or a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate. Diabetologia 38:889–898. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00400576CrossRefPubMed

44.

Benjamin E, Oropello JM, Abalos AM, Hannon EM, Wang JK, Fischer E, Iberti TJ (1994) Effects of acid-base correction on hemodynamics, oxygen dynamics, and resuscitability in severe canine hemorrhagic shock. Crit Care Med 22:1616–1623CrossRefPubMed

45.

Bollaert PE, Robin-Lherbier B, Mallie JP, Nace L, Escanye JM, Larcan A (1994) Effects of sodium bicarbonate on striated muscle metabolism and intracellular pH during endotoxic shock. Shock 1:196–200. https://doi.org/10.1097/00024382-199403000-00007CrossRefPubMed

46.

Mathieu D, Neviere R, Billard V, Fleyfel M, Wattel F (1991) Effects of bicarbonate therapy on hemodynamics and tissue oxygenation in patients with lactic acidosis: a prospective, controlled clinical study. Crit Care Med 19:1352–1356. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199111000-00008CrossRefPubMed

47.

Cooper DJ, Walley KR, Wiggs BR, Russell JA (1990) Bicarbonate does not improve hemodynamics in critically ill patients who have lactic acidosis. A prospective, controlled clinical study. Ann Intern Med 112:492–498. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-112-7-492CrossRefPubMed

48.

Wilson RF, Spencer AR, Tyburski JG, Dolman H, Zimmerman LH (2013) Bicarbonate therapy in severely acidotic trauma patients increases mortality. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 74:45–50. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e3182788fc4CrossRefPubMed

49.

Kim HJ, Son YK, An WS (2013) Effect of sodium bicarbonate administration on mortality in patients with lactic acidosis: a retrospective analysis. PLoS One 8:e65283. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065283CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

50.

Zhang Z, Zhu C, Mo L, Hong Y (2018) Effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate infusion on mortality in septic patients with metabolic acidosis. Intensive Care Med 44:1888–1895. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-018-5379-2CrossRefPubMed

51.

Hoffer M, Pena RCF, Tran QK, Pourmand A (2023) Adjunctive therapeutics in the management of cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a narrative literature review. J Clin Med 12:7374. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12237374CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

52.

Berend K, de Vries AP, Gans RO (2014) Physiological approach to assessment of acid-base disturbances. N Engl J Med 371:1434–1445. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1003327CrossRefPubMed

53.

Goldsmith DJ, Forni LG, Hilton PJ (1997) Bicarbonate therapy and intracellular acidosis. Clin Sci 93:593–598. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs0930593CrossRef

54.

Levraut J, Giunti C, Ciebiera JP, de Sousa G, Ramhani R, Payan P, Grimaud D (2001) Initial effect of sodium bicarbonate on intracellular pH depends on the extracellular nonbicarbonate buffering capacity. Crit Care Med 29:1033–1039. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200105000-00032CrossRefPubMed

55.

Jaber S, Paugam C, Futier E, Lefrant JY, Lasocki S, Lescot T, Pottecher J, Demoule A, Ferrandière M, Asehnoune K, Dellamonica J, Velly L, Abback PS, de Jong A, Brunot V, Belafia F, Roquilly A, Chanques G, Muller L, Constantin JM, Bertet H, Klouche K, Molinari N, Jung B, BICAR-ICU Study Group (2018) Sodium bicarbonate therapy for patients with severe metabolic acidaemia in the intensive care unit (BICAR-ICU): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 392:31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31080-8CrossRefPubMed

56.

Geerse DA, Bindels AJ, Kuiper MA, Roos AN, Spronk PE, Schultz MJ (2010) Treatment of hypophosphatemia in the intensive care unit: a review. Crit Care 14:R147. https://doi.org/10.1186/cc9215CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

57.

Singer P, Blaser AR, Berger MM, Alhazzani W, Calder PC, Casaer MP, Hiesmayr M, Mayer K, Montejo JC, Pichard C, Preiser JC, van Zanten ARH, Oczkowski S, Szczeklik W, Bischoff SC (2019) ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. Clin Nutr 38:48–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.037CrossRefPubMed

58.

Morimoto Y, Ishiguro T, Uozumi R, Takano K, Kobayashi Y, Kobayashi Y, Shimizu Y, Takayanagi N (2022) Significance of hypophosphatemia in patients with pneumonia. Intern Med 61:979–988. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.6949-20CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

59.

Statlender L, Raphaeli O, Bendavid I, Hellerman M, Kagan I, Fishman G, Singer P (2022) Correlations between first 72 h hypophosphatemia, energy deficit, length of ventilation, and mortality—a retrospective cohort study. Nutrients 14:1332. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14071332CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

60.

Sin JCK, Laupland KB, Ramanan M, Tabah A (2021) Phosphate abnormalities and outcomes among admissions to the intensive care unit: a retrospective multicentre cohort study. J Crit Care 64:154–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2021.03.012CrossRefPubMed

61.

Liu Z, Li T, Du Y, Li C, Chong W (2022) Both hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphatemia are associated with increased mortality in septic patients. Front Nephrol 2:935288. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneph.2022.935288CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

62.

Al Harbi SA, Al-Dorzi HM, Al Meshari AM, Tamim H, Abdukahil SAI, Sadat M, Arabi Y (2021) Association between phosphate disturbances and mortality among critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 22:30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-021-00487-wCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

63.

Miller CJ, Doepker BA, Springer AN, Exline MC, Phillips G, Murphy CV (2020) Impact of serum phosphate in mechanically ventilated patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. J Intensive Care Med 35:485–493. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885066618762753CrossRefPubMed

64.

Li Z, Shen T, Han Y (2022) Effect of serum phosphate on the prognosis of septic patients: a retrospective study based on MIMIC-IV database. Front Med 9:728887. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.728887CrossRef

65.

Haider DG, Lindner G, Wolzt M, Ahmad SS, Sauter T, Leichtle AB, Fiedler GM, Fuhrmann V, Exadaktylos AK (2015) Hyperphosphatemia is an independent risk factor for mortality in critically ill patients: results from a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 10:e0133426. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133426CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

66.

Sin JCK, King L, Ballard E, Llewellyn S, Laupland KB, Tabah A (2021) Hypophosphatemia and outcomes in ICU: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med 36:1025–1035. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885066620940274CrossRef

67.

Reintam Blaser A, Gunst J, Ichai C, Casaer MP, Benstoem C, Besch G, Dauger S, Fruhwald SM, Hiesmayr M, Joannes-Boyau O, Malbrain MLNG, Perez MH, Schaller SJ, de Man A, Starkopf J, Tamme K, Wernerman J, Berger MM (2021) Hypophosphatemia in critically ill adults and children—a systematic review. Clin Nutr 40:1744–1754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.045CrossRefPubMed

68.

Doig GS, Simpson F, Heighes PT, Bellomo R, Chesher D, Caterson ID, Reade MC, Harrigan PW, Refeeding Syndrome Trial Investigators Group (2015) Restricted versus continued standard caloric intake during the management of refeeding syndrome in critically ill adults: a randomised, parallel-group, multicentre, single-blind controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med 3:943–952. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00418-XCrossRefPubMed

69.

Olsen SU, Tazmini K, Aas AM, Ranhoff AH, Pripp AH, Hesseberg K, Sunde S, Bye A (2024) The incidence and mortality of refeeding syndrome in older hospitalized patients, based on three different diagnostic criteria: a longitudinal study. Clin Nutr 61:101–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.03.006CrossRef

70.

Nguyen CD, Panganiban HP, Fazio T, Karahalios A, Ankravs MJ, MacIsaac CM, Rechnitzer T, Arno L, Tran-Duy A, McAlister S, Abdelhamid YA, Deane AM (2024) A randomized noninferiority trial to compare enteral to parenteral phosphate replacement on biochemistry, waste, and environmental impact and healthcare cost in critically ill patients with mild to moderate hypophosphatemia. Crit Care Med 52:1054–1064. https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000006255CrossRefPubMed

71.

Chen Y, Harris S, Rogers Y, Ahmad T, Asselbergs FW (2022) Nudging within learning health systems: next generation decision support to improve cardiovascular care. Eur Heart J 31(43):1296–1306. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac030CrossRef

72.

Hofmaenner DA, Singer M (2022) Challenging management dogma where evidence is non-existent, weak or outdated. Intensive Care Med 48:548–558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-022-06659-4CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

73.

Sackett DL, Rosenberg WMC, Gray JAM, Haynes RB, Richardson WS (1996) Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn’t. BMJ 312:71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.312.7023.71CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Title: Challenging management dogma where evidence is non-existent, weak, or outdated: part II
Authors: Daniel A. Hofmaenner
Mervyn Singer
Publication date: 25-09-2024
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Antibiotic
Metabolic Acidosis
Ketoacidosis
Published in: Intensive Care Medicine
Print ISSN: 0342-4642
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1238
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-024-07634-x

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on modern management of frailty

Springer Medicine

Challenging management dogma where evidence is non-existent, weak, or outdated: part II

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on modern management of frailty

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content