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Open Access 31-03-2025 | Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Case Report

Therapy related acute myeloid leukemia secondary to CAR-T therapy in refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma patient showing poor prognosis

Authors: Ran An, Weiying Bao, Zeying Yan, Haimin Sun, Xiaoqian Xu, Sujiang Zhang

Published in: Annals of Hematology | Issue 3/2025

Abstract

There has been a growing concern regarding the adverse events including hematological malignancies which occurring in the later stages following CAR-T immunotherapy. Here, we presented a case of secondary MDS/AML following CAR-T immunotherapy in our center. This refractory/relapsed MM patient who received systematic treatment including chemotherapy and targeted drug as well as autologous stem cell transplantation was developed into MDS and AML especially after BCMA CAR-T immunotherapy, and even allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation could not save the very poor prognosis. Further meta-analysis also demonstrated the considerable heterogeneity through the total studies CD19 and BCMA CAR-T subgroups. In conclusion, it is imperative that long-term and close monitoring for patients undergoing CAR-T immunotherapy, with particular attention to the potential development of hematological malignancies.

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Title: Therapy related acute myeloid leukemia secondary to CAR-T therapy in refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma patient showing poor prognosis
Authors: Ran An
Weiying Bao
Zeying Yan
Haimin Sun
Xiaoqian Xu
Sujiang Zhang
Publication date: 31-03-2025
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Multiple Myeloma
CAR T-Cell Therapy
Stem Cell Transplantation
Adverse Effects of Cancer Therapy
Hematologic Cancer
Published in: Annals of Hematology / Issue 3/2025
Print ISSN: 0939-5555
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0584
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-025-06310-4

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